Automated extraction of heart rate variability from magnetoencephalography signals.

Magnetoencephalography (MEG) measures magnetic fluctuations in the brain generated by neural processes, some of which, such as cardiac signals, are generally removed as artifacts and discarded. However, heart rate variability (HRV) has long been regarded as a biomarker related to autonomic function, suggesting the cardiac signal in MEG contains valuable information that can provide supplemental health information about a patient. To enable access to these ancillary HRV data, we created an automated extraction tool capable of capturing HRV directly from raw MEG data with artificial intelligence.

Blunt Cerebrovascular Injury: Are We Overscreening Low-Mechanism Trauma?

Background And Purpose: Screening patients with trauma for blunt cerebrovascular injury with neck CTA is a common practice, but there remains disagreement regarding which patients should be screened. We reviewed adult blunt cerebrovascular injury data from a level 1 trauma center to investigate whether screening is warranted in low-mechanism trauma.

Materials And Methods: We reviewed all neck CTAs performed on adult trauma patients in the emergency department during the 2019 calendar year.

Translating radiology reports into plain language using ChatGPT and GPT-4 with prompt learning: results, limitations, and potential.

The large language model called ChatGPT has drawn extensively attention because of its human-like expression and reasoning abilities. In this study, we investigate the feasibility of using ChatGPT in experiments on translating radiology reports into plain language for patients and healthcare providers so that they are educated for improved healthcare. Radiology reports from 62 low-dose chest computed tomography lung cancer screening scans and 76 brain magnetic resonance imaging metastases screening scans were collected in the first half of February for this study.

Practical Genetics for the Neuroradiologist: Adding Value in Neurogenetic Disease.

Genetic discoveries have transformed our understanding of many neurologic diseases. Identification of specific causal pathogenic variants has improved understanding of pathophysiology and enabled replacement of many confusing eponyms and acronyms with more meaningful and clinically relevant genetics-based terminology. In this era of rapid scientific advancement, multidisciplinary collaboration among pediatricians, neurologists, geneticists, radiologists, and other members of the health care team is increasingly important in the care of patients with genetic neurologic diseases.

The Prevalence of Internal Auditory Canal Diverticula Is Constant Over a Large Age Range Among Patients Not Imaged for Hearing Loss.

Objective: The objective of this study is to establish the prevalence of internal auditory canal diverticula spanning all age groups imaged for reasons other than hearing loss and to investigate changes in prevalence with age to determine if it is a finding that develops over time.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 1000 cervical spine computed tomographies obtained in patients age 0-99 years for presence of internal auditory canal diverticula.

Results: A total of 405 patients (208 men; 197 women) were included.

Experience with a "Feed and Swaddle" program in infants up to six months of age.

Background: Feed and swaddle is a technique in which an infant is fed and allowed to fall asleep to facilitate diagnostic imaging. This study reviews our experience and diagnostic success in premature and term infants up to 6 months old undergoing brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using a feed and swaddle technique and with comparable patients imaged under anesthesia.

Methods: We reviewed the charts of all infants ≤6 months who underwent brain MRI at our institution between 1 January 2013 and 31 March 2016.

How to Incorporate Dual-Energy Computed Tomography Into Your Neuroradiology Practice: Questions and Answers.

Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) has many current and evolving applications in neuroradiology including material decomposition, improving conspicuity of iodinated contrast enhancement, and artifact reduction. However, there are multiple challenges in incorporating DECT into practice including hardware selection, postprocessing software requirements, technologist and physician training, and numerous workflow issues. This article reviews in a question-and-answer format common issues that arise when incorporating DECT into a busy neuroradiology practice.

Orbital Interstitial Fluid: Evidence of a Potential Pathway for Extracranial Cerebrospinal Fluid Absorption.

Background And Purpose: The aim of the study was to describe the prevalence and characteristics of orbital interstitial fluid seen on magnetic resonance (MR) images of infants and young children.

Materials And Methods: Fat-suppressed axial T2-weighted MR images of 100 consecutive infants and young children (<6 years) without orbital pathology were retrospectively reviewed by 2 neuroradiologists. The presence, location, and extent of high-signal orbital interstitial fluid were characterized and tabulated as a function of age.

Arterial spin labeling perfusion imaging demonstrates cerebral hyperperfusion in anti-NMDAR encephalitis.

Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis is an increasingly recognized autoimmune disorder that results in substantial morbidity, prolonged hospital stays, and even death. The diagnosis is often delayed or unrecognized entirely as a result of absent or only subtle initial magnetic resonance imaging findings and a nonspecific clinical syndrome. The discovery of early imaging findings in this disease may help clinicians to more aggressively treat this autoimmune encephalitis and to potentially lessen morbidity and mortality.

Computed tomography supports histopathologic evidence of vestibulocochlear sexual dimorphism.

Objective: To investigate whether the effects of sex (male/female) that have been demonstrated in the pathology literature using 0.1 mm histopathologic slices are measurable and statistically significant using high-resolution (0.625 mm slice) computed tomography (CT).

Angiotensin-(1-7) attenuates metastatic prostate cancer and reduces osteoclastogenesis.

Background: Angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] is an endogenous, heptapeptide hormone with anti-proliferative and anti-angiogenic properties. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether Ang-(1-7) effectively reduces prostate cancer metastasis in mice.

Methods: Human PC3 prostate cancer cells were injected into the aortic arch via the carotid artery of SCID mice pre-treated with Ang-(1-7) or injected into the tibia of athymic mice, administered Ang-(1-7) for 5 weeks beginning 2 weeks post-injection.

Radiation-induced adult medulloblastoma: a two-case report and review of the literature.

Radiation-induced medulloblastoma is an exceedingly rare phenomenon for which treatment standards have not been established. The literature suggests that these tumors are high grade with aggressive behavior. We report two cases of radiation-induced medulloblastoma which have been treated with full dose re-irradiation with curative intent.

Radiology report clarity: a cohort study of structured reporting compared with conventional dictation.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine if radiology residents who use a structured reporting system (SRS) produce reports of greater clarity than residents who use free-text dictation to report cranial MR imaging in patients with clinical suspicion of stroke.

Methods: This double-cohort study included residents creating reports for 25 cranial MR imaging studies using an SRS in the intervention group and free text in the control group (report n = 1,685). Attending physicians from multiple subspecialties were surveyed seeking clarity ratings of randomly selected reports.