Longer-term effects of intermittent fasting on body composition and cardiometabolic health in adults with overweight and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of long-term intermittent fasting (IF) on body composition and cardiometabolic health in adults with overweight and obesity. PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched from inception to March 2024 to identify original randomized trials that investigated the effects of IF versus either a control diet (CON) and/or continuous caloric restriction (CR). Participants were adults with overweight and obesity and intervention durations were ≥ 6 months.

Effect of FTO genotype on exercise training and diet-indued weight loss in overweight and obese adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Our meta-analysis, encompassing 30 studies with 46,976 subjects, aimed to explore the impact of fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) genotypes on weight response to exercise and dietary interventions in overweight and obese adults. Electronic databases including PubMed and Google Scholar were searched from 2020 to September 2023 to identify relevant studies. Results revealed a significant reduction in body weight among individuals with the FTO risk allele following exercise and diet interventions (standardized mean difference [SMD] = - 0.

The effects of intermittent fasting on body composition and cardiometabolic health in adults with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aim: To perform a meta-analysis to investigate the effects of intermittent fasting (IF), as compared with either a control diet (CON) and/or calorie restriction (CR), on body composition and cardiometabolic health in individuals with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched from their inception to March 2024 to identify original randomized trials with parallel or crossover designs that studied the effects of IF on body composition and cardiometabolic health. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) or standardized mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effects models.

The effects of exercise training on inflammatory markers in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction And Aim: Exercise training is effective for improving cardiometabolic health in children and adolescents, but less is known about its impact on inflammatory markers. We therefore, undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the role of exercise training on pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in children and adolescents.

Method: A comprehensive search was conducted in three electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, from inception to December 2023 to identify exercise trials with and without control groups, involving participants with mean ages ranging from ≥ 6 to < 18 years, of age with measurements of at least one of the following pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, or CRP.

Higher ultra-processed food intake is associated with an increased incidence risk of cardiovascular disease: the Tehran lipid and glucose study.

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of death worldwide, although limited data are currently available regarding the impact of consuming ultra-processed food (UPF) on its incidence. Given the increased consumption of UPF in Iran, we aimed to investigate the association between UPF intake and CVD risk.

Methods: Individuals without CVD (n = 2050) aged ≥ 30 years old were recruited from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS).

Interleukin-15 responses to acute and chronic exercise in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Interlukin-15 (IL-15) is an inflammatory cytokine that plays a vital role in immunology and obesity-associated metabolic syndrome. We performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate whether exercise promotes circulating IL-15 concentrations in adults.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus from inception to May, 2023 and identified original studies that investigated the effectiveness of acute and/or chronic exercise on serum/plasma IL-15 levels in adults.

Combined versus independent effects of exercise training and intermittent fasting on body composition and cardiometabolic health in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction And Aim: Exercise training (Ex) and intermittent fasting (IF) are effective for improving body composition and cardiometabolic health overweight and obese adults, but whether combining Ex and IF induces additive or synergistic effects is less well established. We therefore, performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the combined versus independent effects of Ex and IF on body composition and cardiometabolic health in adults.

Method: An electronic search was conducted in three main online databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, from inception to March 9, 2023 for studies involving Ex plus IF trials versus standalone Ex and/or IF interventions in adults.

Infant fat mass and later child and adolescent health outcomes: a systematic review.

Objective: Obesity and excess adiposity are leading causes of metabolic and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Early identification of individuals at risk is key for preventive strategies. We examined the relationship between infant body composition (0-2 years of age) and later (>2 years) health outcomes using a systematic review.

The effects of exercise training on circulating adhesion molecules in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: The current meta-analysis investigated the effects of exercise training on circulating adhesion molecules i.e. soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) in adults.

Influence of different modes of exercise training on inflammatory markers in older adults with and without chronic diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Ageing can be accompanied by increased inflammation, which contributes to the development of sarcopenia. Exercise training could be effective for preventing sarcopenia and mitigate inflammation and thus a viable intervention in ageing. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effects of exercise training on markers of inflammation including interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in older adults (≥65 years).

Leptin deficiency impairs adipogenesis and browning response in mouse mesenchymal progenitors.

Although phenotypically different, brown adipose tissue (BAT) and inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) are able to produce heat through non-shivering thermogenesis due to the presence of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). The appearance of thermogenically active beige adipocytes in iWAT is known as browning. Both brown and beige cells originate from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and in culture conditions a browning response can be induced with hypothermia (i.

Exercise training, dietary intervention, or combined interventions and their effects on lipid profiles in adults with overweight and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Aims: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the effects of Ex (exercise training) vs. DI (dietary intervention) vs. combined Ex and DI on total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) in adults with overweight and obesity.

Impact of Exercise in Hypoxia on Inflammatory Cytokines in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Both acute exercise and environmental hypoxia may elevate inflammatory cytokines, but the inflammatory response in the hypoxic exercise is remaining unknown.

Objective: We performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the effect of exercise in hypoxia on inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, TNF-α and IL-10.

Methods: PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were searched to identify the original articles that compared the effect of exercise in hypoxia with normoxia on IL-6, TNF-α and IL-10 changes, published up to March 2023.

The effects of resistance training on myostatin and follistatin in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction And Aim: Myostatin and follistatin are the main hormones for regulating muscle mass, and previous research suggests they are modulated by resistance training. We therefore performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the impact of resistance training on circulating myostatin and follistatin in adults.

Methods: A search was conducted in PubMed and Web of science from inception until October 2022 to identify original studies investigating the effects of resistance training compared with controls that did not exercise.

The effects of exercise training on postprandial glycemia and insulinemia in adults with overweight or obesity and with cardiometabolic disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effects of exercise training on postprandial glycemia (PPG) and insulinemia (PPI) in adults with overweight or obesity and with cardiometabolic disorders.

Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched until May 2022 using the key words "exercise," "postprandial," and "randomized control trial" to identify original studies investigating the effects of exercise training on PPG and/or PPI in adults with a body mass indexes (BMI) ≥ 25 kg.m.

The impact of exercise and dietary interventions on circulating leptin and adiponectin in individuals who are overweight and those with obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The effects of exercise training (Ex), dietary interventions (DIs), and a combination of Ex and DI (Ex + DI) on leptin and adiponectin have been established. However, less is known regarding the comparisons of Ex with DI and of Ex + DI with either Ex or DI alone. The aim of the present meta-analysis is to compare the effects of Ex with those of DI and those of Ex + DI with those of either Ex or DI alone on circulating leptin and adiponectin in individuals who are overweight and those with obesity.

The impact of high-intensity interval training on vascular function in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aim: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) compared with moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) or with no exercise (CON) on vascular function in adults who were free of cardiometabolic diseases and those with cardiometabolic diseases.

Methods: A search across three electronic databases including Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science was conducted through February 2022 to identify the randomized trials evaluating HIIT vs. MICT and/or CON on vascular function as measured using brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in adults.

Impact of concurrent training versus aerobic or resistance training on cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular strength in middle-aged to older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The effects of aerobic training (AT) on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and resistance training (RT) on muscular strength, are well known in older adults. However, less is known about the potential additive benefits of concurrent training (CT) versus AT or RT alone in this population. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effects of CT, versus AT or RT, on CRF and muscular strength in middle-aged to older adults.

A comparison of the impact of exercise training with dietary intervention versus dietary intervention alone on insulin resistance and glucose regulation in individual with overweight or obesity: a systemic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Obesity is associated with the development of insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes for which exercise training (Ex) and dietary interventions (DI) are effective interventions that can improve IR. We therefore performed a systematic meta-analysis to compare the effect of Ex + DI compared with DI on IR and glucose homeostasis.

Methods: PubMed and Cochrane Library were conducted up to May 2021.

Cold Exposure Drives Weight Gain and Adiposity following Chronic Suppression of Brown Adipose Tissue.

Therapeutic activation of thermogenic brown adipose tissue (BAT) may be feasible to prevent, or treat, cardiometabolic disease. However, rodents are commonly housed below thermoneutrality (~20 °C) which can modulate their metabolism and physiology including the hyperactivation of brown (BAT) and beige white adipose tissue. We housed animals at thermoneutrality from weaning to chronically supress BAT, mimic human physiology and explore the efficacy of chronic, mild cold exposure (20 °C) and β3-adrenoreceptor agonism (YM-178) under these conditions.

Semi-automated analysis of supraclavicular thermal images increases speed of brown adipose tissue analysis without increasing variation in results.

Interest in brown adipose tissue remains high a decade after it was determined to be present outside of the neonatal period. In vivo imaging, however, has remained a challenge due to the lack of a imaging modality suitable for large healthy-volunteer studies, post-prandial investigations and vulnerable groups, such as children. Infrared thermography is increasingly accepted as a valid, non-invasive and flexible alternative but there is a wide approach to analysis between different groups.

Association of Personality Traits with Dietary Habits and Food/Taste Preferences.

Background: Personality plays an important role in food choices. The aim of this study was to assess the association of personality traits with dietary habits and food preferences.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 224 healthy female students aged 18-30 years with a normal BMI.

The impact of high intensity interval training on liver fat content in overweight or obese adults: A meta-analysis.

Liver fat is a marker of the metabolic derangements associated with obesity for which exercise training is a potential therapy. We therefore performed a systematic meta-analysis to investigate the effect of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on liver fat content in overweight or obese adults with metabolic disorders. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and the Cochrane were searched up to October 2020 for HIIT vs.

The impact of exercise training versus caloric restriction on inflammation markers: a systemic review and meta-analysis.

Obesity is associated with an increased risk of chronic, low-grade systematic inflammation for which exercise training (EX) and caloric restriction (CR) are potential treatments. We therefore performed a systematic meta-analysis to compare the effect of EX vs. CR and EX + CR vs.

Reduced brown adipose tissue-associated skin temperature following cold stimulation in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

Background: Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is essential to maintain body temperature. Its ability to convert chemical energy in glucose and free fatty acids to heat is conferred by a unique protein, UCP-1. BAT activity is greatest in children and adolescents, declining through adulthood.