A Pilot Study of Surgical Trainee Participation in Humanitarian Surgeries.

Background: The impact of general surgery resident participation on operative case time and postoperative complications has been broadly studied in the United States. Although surgical trainee involvement in international humanitarian surgical care is escalating, there is limited information as to how this participation affects care rendered. This study examines the impact of trainee involvement on case length and immediate postoperative complications with regard to operations in low- and middle-income settings.

Factors Contributing to Extended Hospital Length of Stay in Emergency General Surgery.

Background: Emergency general surgery (EGS) is a field characterized by disproportionately high costs, post-operative mortality, and complications. We attempted to identify independent factors predictive of an increased postoperative length of stay (LOS), a key contributor to economic burden and worse outcomes.

Methods: The ACS-NSQIP database was queried for data from2005 to 2017.

Perioperative Advance Directives: Do Not Resuscitate in the Operating Room.

Surgeons, anesthesiologists, and nurses are frequently asked to operate on patients with an existing Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) order, resulting in confusion about the proper approach. We discuss the origins of decisions not to attempt resuscitation, the special circumstances surrounding the need for resuscitation intraoperatively, and reasons to suspend, or not suspend, the DNR order during the perioperative period. DNR should be part of a comprehensive discussion of a patient and family's goals of care.

Determination of Death in Execution by Lethal Injection in China.

Since 1997, execution in China has been increasingly performed by lethal injection. The current criteria for determination of death for execution by lethal injection (cessation of heartbeat, cessation of respiration, and dilated pupils) neither conform to current medical science nor to any standard of medical ethics. In practice, death is pronounced in China within tens of seconds after starting the lethal injection.

Human rights violations in organ procurement practice in China.

Background: Over 90% of the organs transplanted in China before 2010 were procured from prisoners. Although Chinese officials announced in December 2014 that the country would completely cease using organs harvested from prisoners, no regulatory adjustments or changes in China's organ donation laws followed. As a result, the use of prisoner organs remains legal in China if consent is obtained.

Pediatric Robot-assisted Redo Pyeloplasty With Buccal Mucosa Graft: A Novel Technique.

Objective: To report a novel approach of pediatric robot-assisted redo pyeloplasty with buccal mucosa graft (BMG).

Methods: An Institutional Review Board-approved retrospective review of all patients undergoing robot-assisted redo pyeloplasty with BMG at our institution was performed.

Operative Details: For all patients, the following ports were used: one 8.

Historical development and current status of organ procurement from death-row prisoners in China.

Background: In December 2014, China announced that only voluntarily donated organs from citizens would be used for transplantation after January 1, 2015. Many medical professionals worldwide believe that China has stopped using organs from death-row prisoners.

Discussion: In the present article, we briefly review the historical development of organ procurement from death-row prisoners in China and comprehensively analyze the social-political background and the legal basis of the announcement.

A comparison of long-term outcomes of portal versus systemic venous drainage in pancreatic transplantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Pancreas transplantation venous effluent can be drained via the portal vein or the systemic circulation; however, no recommendation exists for the ideal technique. A systematic review of the literature from 1989 through 2014 using PubMed, CINHAL, and Cochrane Library for portal versus systemic venous drainage was undertaken. Only studies on humans and published in English were considered.

Age should be considered in the allocation of deceased donor kidneys.

Organ allocation is a specific example of the allocation of scarce resources in a pluralistic society. As such, it is subject to both governmental and public scrutiny. It must follow the requirements of the federal legislation and regulations regarding "equitable allocation of organs.

Critical analysis of laparoscopic donor nephrectomy in the setting of complex renal vasculature: initial experience and intermediate outcomes.

Objective: We report our experience with laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (LDN) in the setting of complex renal vasculature and critically analyze the technique and intermediate recipient outcomes.

Methods: Thirty-nine living renal donors with multiple renal arteries or veins, or anomalous venous anatomy, who underwent LDN between 2003 and 2007 at our institution were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic and perioperative data were collected on donors and recipients.

The development of new allocation policy for deceased donor kidneys.

Purpose Of Review: The current system of kidney allocation in the United States has been undergoing review by the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network. The Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network kidney committee is nearing the release of a draft proposal for sweeping changes in kidney allocation. The involvement of the renal community is critical to the successful development and implementation of these new policies.