The MindMoves Trial: Effect of Lifestyle Physical Activity and Cognitive Training Interventions on Cognition in Older Women with Cardiovascular Disease.

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) increases the risk of cognitive impairment (CI), particularly in women. Physical activity and cognitive training can improve cognition, with potential interactive effects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of , a 24‐week multidomain physical activity and cognitive training intervention, on cognition in older women with CVD.

Correlates of Lifestyle Physical Activity Among Young Arab American Women.

Background: Young Arab American women are at risk for cardiovascular disease, but there is limited data on their physical activity (PA) engagement.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between PA and its correlates in young Arab American women. The objectives of this study were to: (1) describe self-reported lifestyle PA behaviors of young Arab American women and (2) examine the relationship between their self-reported lifestyle PA, device-measured lifestyle PA (combined moderatevigorous and steps), and potentially associated factors (demographics, physical measures, individual factors, and behavior cognition factors).

The MindMoves Trial: Cross-Sectional Analyses of Baseline Vascular Risk and Cognition in Older Women with Cardiovascular Disease.

Background: Vascular diseases, including atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and stroke, increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease and cognitive impairment. Serum biomarkers, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), may be indicators of cognitive health.

Objective: We examined whether vascular risk was associated with levels of cognition and serum biomarkers in older women with cardiovascular disease (CVD).

The Impact of the Communities that Care Approach in Reducing Violence and Crime Within an Urban, High-Burden Community.

Community violence and crime are significant public health problems with serious and lasting effects on young people, families, and communities. This violence and crime have significant ripple effects, affecting not just those who are directly physically injured, but also those who witness violent episodes, those who have friends or loved ones killed or injured, and those who must everyday navigate streets that they know have been frequent sites of serious violence and crime. The current study presents evidence of the impact that a data-driven, collective impact approach - the Communities that Care prevention system - can have on violence and crime outcomes within a large urban, high-burden community.

Profiles of Lifestyle Health Behaviors and Postmortem Dementia-Related Neuropathology.

High engagement in lifestyle health behaviors appears to be protective against cognitive decline in aging. We investigated the association between patterns of modifiable lifestyle health behaviors and common brain neuropathologies of dementia as a possible mechanism. We examined 555 decedents from the Rush Memory and Aging Project, free of dementia at their initial concurrent report of lifestyle health behaviors of interest (physical, social, and cognitive activities, and healthy diet), and who underwent a postmortem neuropathology evaluation.

Comparison of Daily Versus Admission and Discharge Surveillance Cultures for Multidrug-Resistant Organism Detection in an Intensive Care Unit.

Background: Admission and discharge screening of patients for asymptomatic gut colonization with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) is a common approach to active surveillance, but its sensitivity for detecting colonization is uncertain.

Methods: Daily rectal or fecal swab samples and associated clinical data were collected over 12 months from patients in one 25-bed medical intensive care unit (ICU) in Chicago, IL and tested for the following MDROs: vancomycin-resistant enterococci; third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales, including extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales; and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales. MDRO detection by (1) admission and discharge surveillance cultures or (2) clinical cultures were compared to daily surveillance cultures.

Profiles of lifestyle health behaviors and cognitive decline in older adults.

Introduction: We aimed to identify profiles of modifiable, late-life lifestyle health behaviors related to subsequent maintenance of cognition and explore sociodemographics and health characteristics as effect modifiers.

Methods: Analyses used data from 715 older adults without baseline dementia from the Rush Memory and Aging Project and with lifestyle health behaviors (physical activity, cognitive activity, healthy diet, social activity) at baseline and ≥ 2 annual assessments of cognition. We used latent profile analysis to group participants based on behavior patterns and assessed change in cognition by group.

Overcoming Pandemic-Related Challenges in Recruitment and Screening: Strategies and Representation of Older Women With Cardiovascular Disease for a Multidomain Lifestyle Trial to Prevent Cognitive Decline.

Background: Recruiting participants with cardiovascular disease into research during the COVID-19 pandemic was challenging, particularly those at risk of health disparities.

Objective: During the pandemic, 12 cohorts of older women with cardiovascular disease were recruited from cardiology clinics into a lifestyle intervention trial to prevent cognitive decline. Objectives were to ( a ) describe the results of modified recruitment/screening strategies to overcome pandemic-related challenges and ( b ) evaluate differences in age, race, and ethnicity between patients recruited/randomized, recruited/not randomized (entered recruitment but not randomized because of being ineligible or not interested), and not recruited (clinic patients who met preliminary criteria but did not enter recruitment).

Impact of Mandatory Infectious Disease Specialist Approval on Hospital-Onset Clostridioides difficile Infection Rates and Testing Appropriateness.

Background: Inappropriate Clostridioides difficile testing is common in the hospital setting, leading to potential overdiagnosis of infection when single-step nucleic acid amplification testing is used. The potential role of infectious diseases (ID) specialists in enforcing appropriate C. difficile testing is unclear.

Grandmothers residing with grandchildren: Social determinants of health, health behaviors, and health outcomes.

The purpose of this study was to explore the associations between social determinants of health, health behaviors, and physical and mental health among African American and Hispanic caregiving grandmothers. We use cross-sectional secondary data from the Chicago Community Adult Health Study, originally designed to understand the health of individual households based on residential context. In a multivariate regression model, discrimination, parental stress, and physical health problems were significantly associated with depressive symptoms in caregiving grandmothers.

Cost Savings of Mother's Own Milk for Very Low Birth Weight Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

Objective: The study aim was to determine the relationship between hospitalization costs and mother's own milk (MOM) dose for very low birth weight (VLBW; < 1500 g) infants during the initial neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) stay. Additionally, because MOM intake during the NICU hospitalization is associated with a reduction in the risk of late-onset sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), we aimed to quantify the incremental cost of these potentially preventable complications of prematurity.

Methods: The study included 430 VLBW infants enrolled in the Longitudinal Outcomes of Very Low Birthweight Infants Exposed to Mothers' Own Milk prospective cohort study between 2008 and 2012 at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago, IL, USA.

Study protocol for reducing disparity in receipt of mother's own milk in very low birth weight infants (ReDiMOM): a randomized trial to improve adherence to sustained maternal breast pump use.

Background: Black very low birth weight (VLBW; < 1500 g birth weight) and very preterm (VP, < 32 weeks gestational age, inclusive of extremely preterm, < 28 weeks gestational age) infants are significantly less likely than other VLBW and VP infants to receive mother's own milk (MOM) through to discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The costs associated with adhering to pumping maternal breast milk are borne by mothers and contribute to this disparity. This randomized controlled trial tests the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of an intervention to offset maternal costs associated with pumping.

Prepregnancy Body Mass Index Is Associated with Time-Dependent Changes in Secretory Activation Measures During the First 7 Days Postpartum in Breast Pump-dependent Mothers of Premature Infants.

Little is known about the biology of secretory activation (SA) in overweight and obese (OW/OB) mothers who are breast pump dependent with a premature infant in the neonatal intensive care unit. To compare time-dependent changes in daily pumped milk volume, maternal milk sodium (Na) concentration, and Na-to-potassium (K) ratios (Na:K) in the first 14 days postpartum in breast pump-dependent mothers with prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) <27 and BMI ≥27 kg/m. This secondary analysis for 39 subjects, 44% ( = 17) with prepregnancy BMI <27 and 56% ( = 22) with BMI ≥27, included transformed data of outcome measures, chi-square, -tests, and growth curve models.

Recruitment, Retention, and Intervention Outcomes from the Dedicated African American Dad (DAAD) Study.

A significant proportion of African American (AA) fathers live in households apart from their young children. This living arrangement can have detrimental effects for children, families, and fathers. One hundred seventy-eight (n = 178) AA fathers, not residing with their 2-6-year-old children, were enrolled in a randomized trial to test the Building Bridges to Fatherhood (BBTF) program against a financial literacy comparison condition.

Integrated genomic, epidemiologic investigation of Candida auris skin colonization in a skilled nursing facility.

Candida auris is a fungal pathogen of high concern due to its ability to cause healthcare-associated infections and outbreaks, its resistance to antimicrobials and disinfectants and its persistence on human skin and in the inanimate environment. To inform surveillance and future mitigation strategies, we defined the extent of skin colonization and explored the microbiome associated with C. auris colonization.

Development and Feasibility of an Obesity Prevention Intervention for Black Adolescent Daughters and Their Mothers.

Black female adolescents and women have disproportionately higher rates of obesity than their racial/ethnic counterparts. There is an urgent need to address obesity prevention in Black adolescent females through interventions that enhance lifestyle physical activity and improve dietary behaviors. Middle adolescence presents an important opportunity to strengthen the daughter-mother bond and improve healthy behaviors such as physical activity and dietary intake.

A study protocol for MindMoves: A lifestyle physical activity and cognitive training intervention to prevent cognitive impairment in older women with cardiovascular disease.

Introduction: Cognitive impairment (CI) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) disproportionately affect women compared to men, and CVD increases risk of CI. Physical activity and cognitive training can improve cognition in older adults and may have additive or synergistic effects. However, no combined intervention has targeted women with CVD or utilized a sustainable lifestyle approach.

The Feasibility of a Combined Lifestyle Physical Activity and Cognitive Training Intervention to Prevent Cognitive Impairment in Older Women With Cardiovascular Disease.

Background: Cognitive impairment disproportionately affects older women with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Physical activity (PA) and cognitive training (CT) may have synergistic effects in combined interventions. However, no combined intervention has targeted women with CVD or utilized a sustainable and preferable lifestyle approach.

A Randomized Trial of Digitally Delivered, Self-Administered Parent Training in Primary Care: Effects on Parenting and Child Behavior.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of a self-administered, digital behavioral parent training program on parent and child behavior for parents of young children.

Study Design: A randomized controlled trial compared ezParent (digital delivery of the evidence-based Chicago Parent Program) with an enhanced usual-care control. Introduction to the study occurred during well-child visits at 4 primary care clinics.

The Interaction of Donor Human Milk Availability and Race/Ethnicity on Provision of Mother's Own Milk for Very Low Birth Weight Infants.

To compare (1) differences in mother's own milk (MOM) provision and enteral feeding outcomes, (2) differences in preterm formula and donor human milk (DHM) uses as bridges to exclusive MOM feedings at discharge, and (3) MOM and enteral feeding outcomes for racial/ethnic subgroups before and after the implementation of a hospital DHM feeding program. Retrospective data from 313 very low birth weight (VLBW; birth weight <1,500 g) infants born between January 2011 to December 2012 (pre-DHM,  = 157) and April 2013 to March 2015 (DHM,  = 156) were analyzed. For this predominantly low-income and minority VLBW infant cohort, the percent of enteral fed hospitalization days was higher in the DHM group (pre-DHM 94% [88, 97] versus DHM 98% [95, 99],  < 0.

Are Mothers Certain About Their Perceptions of Recalled Infant Feeding History?

Introduction: Maternal recall of infant feeding, a potential measurement bias, is used to identify the relationship between mothers' own milk (MOM) feeding and subsequent health outcomes. This study describes maternal recall certainty of MOM feedings at four time periods.

Method: In this secondary analysis, mothers of children ages 4-36 months describe infants' MOM feeding and rate certainty of their recall.

Referral to Digital Parent Training in Primary Care: Facilitators and Barriers.

Objective: Parent training (PT) programs for parents of preschool-aged children promote effective parenting practices and reduce the risk for the development of child behavior problems. Digital platforms and self-administered formats can expand access to preventive PT and complement traditional behavioral services. Primary care provides an ideal environment to refer patients to prevention-focused PT; however, effective integration of a referral process requires an understanding of implementation facilitators and barriers.

The Perceived Value of Certification in Nonsurgical Pain Management.

Chronic pain is a growing epidemic in America. Challenges in patients' access to care, and in reimbursement to Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists (CRNAs) who provide pain services, have resulted in a voluntary subspecialty certification in nonsurgical pain management (NSPM) for CRNAs. An evaluation was conducted of perceptions of CRNAs toward the value of certification in NSPM.