Sex-based differences in risk of revision for infection after hip, knee, shoulder, and ankle arthroplasty in osteoarthritis patients: a multinational registry study of 4,800,000 implants.

Background And Purpose:  We aimed to determine sex differences for periprosthetic joint infections after primary arthroplasty of the hip, knee, ankle, and shoulder in osteoarthritis patients in an international perspective.

Methods:  This is a multinational combined arthroplasty registry study. Each arthroplasty registry performed Cox-regression analysis of their data and reported the crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HR) with an a priori designed data form.

The State of Health and Health Care for LGBTQ+ Veterans: Differences Among Sexual and Gender Minority Veterans, by Identity and State Policy Climate, 2015-2021.

The U.S. government has affirmed commitments to improving health and well-being for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and other sexual and gender minority (LGBTQ+) veterans, who may have distinct needs and challenges when accessing timely and appropriate health care.

Unveiling distinct kinematic profiles among total knee arthroplasty candidates through clustering technique.

Background: Characterizing the condition of patients suffering from knee osteoarthritis is complex due to multiple associations between clinical, functional, and structural parameters. While significant variability exists within this population, especially in candidates for total knee arthroplasty, there is increasing interest in knee kinematics among orthopedic surgeons aiming for more personalized approaches to achieve better outcomes and satisfaction. The primary objective of this study was to identify distinct kinematic phenotypes in total knee arthroplasty candidates and to compare different methods for the identification of these phenotypes.

Discrimination experiences and problematic alcohol and cannabis use in young adulthood.

Background And Objectives: Limited research has examined how discrimination in young adulthood relates to substance use. We examined how multiple and specific types (e.g.

Tibial Slope Is Not Associated With Implant Migration Following Cemented Total Knee Arthroplasty With a Single Implant Design.

Background: The influence of tibial slope on tibial component migration following total knee arthroplasty has not been widely studied, although excessive posterior slope has been implicated in some failures. As implant micromotion measured with radiostereometric analysis can indicate successful fixation, the purpose of this study was to determine the associations between tibial slope, tibial component migration, and inducible displacement.

Methods: Radiostereometric analyses at 6 visits over 2 years quantified implant migration for 200 cemented total knee arthroplasties.

Measuring susceptibility to use tobacco in an increasingly complex consumer marketplace: How many questions do we really need?

Objective: Predicting which young people are likely to use tobacco in the future is critical for prevention and intervention. Although measures for assessing susceptibility to using tobacco have fulfilled this goal for decades, there is almost no standard for the number of items that should be administered, or which items should be administered for which products. This study explored whether brief but psychometrically sound versions of commonly used susceptibility measures can adequately capture the construct relative to longer measures.

Does Reducing the Size of the Tobacco Power Wall Affect Young People's Risk of Future Use of Tobacco Products? An Experimental Investigation.

Objective: A ban on tobacco power walls (in-store package displays) is unlikely in the United States because of concerns that such bans violate commercial free speech rights. This experiment evaluated the effectiveness of a more measured strategy for mitigating the influence of the power wall on young people's susceptibility to tobacco use: limiting its size.

Method: The experiment took place in the RAND StoreLab, a life-sized replica of a convenience store.

Doing more with less: A proposal to advance cigarette packaging regulations in the United States.

Cigarette packages are potent marketing tools. Following guidance from the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, many countries have sought to diminish this marketing power by mandating that (1) large graphic health warnings be affixed to the packages (i.e.

Longitudinal associations among experiences of sexual assault, posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, and heavy drinking in young adults.

Prior research with young adults has demonstrated clear associations between experiences of sexual assault, symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and alcohol use, but most studies have been cross-sectional or have not considered multiple theoretical pathways to understand these associations. Using six waves of data from a longitudinal cohort sample of 1,719 young adults, we examined associations among experiences of past-year sexual assault (i.e.

Directional associations between posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and cannabis use in young adults: Uncovering variation by sex, race, and ethnicity.

Objective: Prevalence rates of cannabis use and PTSD vary, with men reporting greater cannabis use than females, females reporting higher rates of PTSD than males, and race and ethnic minority persons reporting higher rates of both cannabis and PTSD compared to non-Hispanic White individuals. This study extends our understanding of directional associations between cannabis use and PTSD from early to late young adulthood (18-26 years old) using two theoretical models: symptom-driven pathway and substance-induced pathway.

Method: Participants provided yearly data for 14 years, and the present study utilized data from Waves 9 through 14.

Dental staff and patient attitudes about nicotine replacement therapy samples in dental care: A National Dental Practice-Based Research Network study.

Objectives: Cigarette smoking negatively affects oral health. Nicotine replacement therapies (NRT; e.g.

6-month migration sufficient for evaluation of total knee replacements: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background And Purpose: This updated meta-analysis evaluates the migration pattern of the tibial component of primary total knee replacements measured with radiostereometric analysis (RSA). We aimed to evaluate whether 6-month maximum total point motion (MTPM) values could be used instead of 1-year MTPM for RSA threshold testing and to present the pooled migration patterns for different implant designs that can be used as a benchmark.

Patients And Methods: The search included all published RSA studies on migration patterns of tibial components until 2023.

A low-dose biplanar X-ray imager has RSA level precision in total knee arthroplasty.

Background And Purpose: The low radiation biplanar X-ray imager (EOS imaging, Paris, France) scans patients in a weight-bearing position, provides calibrated images, and limits radiation, an asset for serial radiostereometric analysis (RSA) studies. RSA in vivo precision values have not been published for this type of imaging system, thus the goal of this study was to assess the precision of RSA in vivo utilizing a low radiation biplanar imager.

Patients And Methods: At a mean of 5 years post-surgery (range 1.

Sober Curiosity and Participation in Temporary Alcohol Abstinence Challenges in a Cohort of U.S. Emerging Adults.

Objective: Thus far, behavioral health research in the United States has not explored the prevalence or correlates of sober curiosity (SC; exploratory or experimental abstinence or moderation) or temporary alcohol abstinence challenges (TAACs; e.g., "Dry January"), despite significant attention in media and popular discourse.

Evaluation of Mental Health First Aid in New York City.

More than 155,000 New Yorkers were trained in Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) between 2016 and 2020. Free citywide trainings were made available to all New Yorkers and were disseminated through city agencies and community-based settings. RAND Corporation researchers conducted a mixed-methods study that included a web-based survey of past trainees and a series of focus groups with leaders of community-based organizations and city agency staff to assess the impact of the MHFA trainings and needs for future training.

Continuity of primary care and emergency department visits following knee and hip replacement surgery: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Continuity of primary care (CPC) improves patient well-being, but the association between CPC and surgical outcomes has not been well studied. The numbers of joint replacement procedures are expected to rise considerably in the coming years, so it is crucial to identify factors related to successful outcomes. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between CPC and emergency department (ED) visits after knee and hip replacement surgery.

Does removing menthol cigarettes in convenience stores reduce susceptibility to cigarette smoking? An experimental investigation in young people.

Background: Evidence for the effectiveness of menthol cigarette bans comes mostly from studies of adults that smoke. This experiment evaluated whether the absence of menthol products from a convenience store influenced young people's susceptibility to cigarette smoking after they shopped in the store.

Methods: This experiment took place in the RAND StoreLab (RSL), a life-sized research convenience store.

Parallel trajectories of vaping and smoking cannabis and their associations with mental and physical well-being among young adults.

Background: Vaping and smoking are common modes of using cannabis (THC) among young adults, but little is known about how patterns of cannabis vaping and smoking unfold over time or how using one or both types of products may differently affect mental and physical well-being. This study examines parallel processes of cannabis vaping and smoking over 5 years and mental and physical outcomes in a sample of young adults.

Methods: Annual surveys were conducted between 2016 and 2022 with a mostly California-based cohort of 2428 young adults.

Heterogeneity in Unmet Treatment Need and Barriers to Accessing Mental Health Services Among U.S. Military Service Members with Serious Psychological Distress.

The goal of the current study is to examine heterogeneity in mental health treatment utilization, perceived unmet treatment need, and barriers to accessing care among U.S. military members with probable need for treatment.

Unpacking disparities in substance-related outcomes among racial, ethnic, sexual, and gender minoritized groups during adolescence and emerging adulthood.

Objective: Alcohol and other drug (AOD) use increases substantially from adolescence to emerging adulthood, and recent longitudinal studies show disparities in AOD-related outcomes by racial and ethnic, as well as sexual and gender minority (SGM), identities. Greater insight is needed into how individual, social, and environmental contexts interact and affect such disparities, as well as why disparate outcomes are found across different domains (e.g.

An experimental evaluation of the effects of banning the sale of flavored tobacco products on adolescents' and young adults' future nicotine vaping intentions.

Background: Some U.S. states and municipalities have banned the sale of flavored tobacco products to help curb youth vaping.