Provider perceptions of challenges and facilitators to surgical care in unhoused patients: A qualitative analysis.

Background: Unhoused patients have worse surgical outcomes than the general population. However, the drivers of this inequity have not been studied.

Methods: We conducted 26 semi-structured interviews of clinicians who care for patients with surgical disease, using a purposive sampling strategy to intentionally recruit participants with significant experience caring for unhoused patients across different roles.

Institutionalizing Community-engaged Translational Science in an Academic Institution: A Community Stakeholder-Driven Process.

Background: Although studies have described the power imbalance in academic-community partnerships, little has been published describing how community-based participatory research-informed practitioners can change academic institutions to promote more effective community-engaged research.

Objectives: This paper describes a university-funded community-based participatory project in which academic researchers and their community partners worked together to articulate, develop and advocate for institutionalizing best practices for equitable partnerships throughout the university.

Methods: Findings derive from a collaborative ethnographic process evaluation.

"I Needed for You to See What I'm Talking About": Experiences With Telehealth Among Homeless-Experienced Older Adults.

Little is known about how older adults with a current or recent experience of homelessness navigated the switch to telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic. We examined the perceptions and use of telehealth in a purposive sample of 37 homeless-experienced older adults in mid-late 2020 through semi-structured qualitative interviews. We purposively recruited participants from a larger longitudinal study on homeless-experienced older adults in Oakland, CA.

COVID-19 Testing and Vaccine Acceptability Among Homeless-Experienced Adults: Qualitative Data from Two Samples.

Background: Homeless-experienced populations are at increased risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 due to their living environments and face an increased risk of severe COVID-19 disease due to underlying health conditions. Little is known about COVID-19 testing and vaccination acceptability among homeless-experienced populations.

Objective: To understand the facilitators and barriers to COVID-19 testing and vaccine acceptability among homeless-experienced adults.

Neocolonialism and Health Care Access among Marshall Islanders in the United States.

In the Marshall Islands, a history of extensive nuclear weapons testing and covert biomedical research, coupled with the U.S.'s ongoing military presence in the country, has severely compromised the health of the local population.

Enhancing the Impact of Family Justice Centers via Motivational Interviewing: An Integrated Review.

The Family Justice Center (FJC) model is an approach to assisting survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) that focuses on integration of services under one roof and co-location of staff members from a range of multidisciplinary agencies. Even though the FJC model is touted as a best practice strategy to help IPV survivors, empirical support for the effectiveness of this approach is scarce. The current article consolidates this small yet promising body of empirically based literature in a clinically focused review.

State rumination enhances elaborative processing of negative material as evidenced by the late positive potential.

Rumination has been shown to increase negative affect and is highly associated with increased duration of depressive episodes. Previous research has shown that enhanced elaborative processing of negative stimuli is often associated with depression and trait rumination. We hypothesized that engaging in rumination would result in sustained elaborative processing of negative information, as measured by late positive potential (LPP) asymmetry, regardless of depression.

Perceived Unfair Treatment and Problem Drinking among U.S. Navy Careerists.

This mixed method paper assessed interrelationships of unfair treatment at work, stress, and problem drinking amongst a sample of U.S. Navy careerists.

Divergent Drinking Patterns of Restaurant Workers: The Influence of Social Networks and Job Position.

Restaurant workers have higher rates of problem drinking than most occupational groups. However, little is known about the environmental risks and work characteristics that may lead to these behaviors. An exploration of restaurant workers' drinking networks may provide important insights into their alcohol consumption patterns, thus guiding workplace prevention efforts.

Contributions of work stressors, alcohol, and normative beliefs to partner violence.

Objective: A body of research has established that lower socioeconomic populations, including blue-collar workers, are at higher risk for problem drinking and intimate partner violence. This study of married/cohabiting construction workers and their spouses/partners describes how work stressors, hazardous drinking, and couple characteristics interact to influence normative beliefs around partner violence and, thereafter, its occurrence.

Method: Our survey respondents from a sample of 502 dual-earner couples were asked about drinking patterns, past-year partner violence, normative beliefs about partner violence, work-related stressors, impulsivity, and childhood exposure to violence and other adverse events.

Parental Strategies for Knowledge of Adolescents' Friends: Distinct from Monitoring?

Parental monitoring is defined as a set of behaviors used to gain knowledge about an adolescent's whereabouts, friends and associates, and activities. However, can knowledge of adolescents' whereabouts/activities, and friends all be attained through the same strategies? Or do they require their own strategies? This study used qualitative interviews with 173 parents of older adolescents from 100 families. Emergent themes described strategies by which parents gain information about their adolescents' friends and the substance use of those friends.

Defining Alcohol-Specific Rules Among Parents of Older Adolescents: Moving Beyond No Tolerance.

Parental beliefs and rules regarding their teen's use of alcohol influence teen decisions regarding alcohol use. However, measurement of parental rules regarding adolescent alcohol use has not been thoroughly studied. This study used qualitative interviews with 174 parents of older teens from 100 families.

Alcohol Policy Comprehension, Compliance and Consequences Among Young Adult Restaurant Workers.

This study explores relationships between young adult restaurant employees' understanding and compliance with workplace alcohol control policies and consequences of alcohol policy violation. A mixed method analysis of 67 semi-structured interviews and 1,294 telephone surveys from restaurant chain employees found that alcohol policy details confused roughly a third of employees. Among current drinkers (n=1,093), multivariable linear regression analysis found that frequency of alcohol policy violation was positively associated with frequency of experiencing problems at work; perceived supervisor enforcement of alcohol policy was negatively associated with this outcome.

Food Service Employee Alcohol Use, Hangovers and Norms During and After Work Hours.

AIMS: This paper presents analyses of norms and behavior concerning drinking before, during, and after work hours among U.S. bar-restaurant chain employees, with a focus on hangovers at work and their correlates.

The relationship of alcohol problems to the risk for unidirectional and bidirectional intimate partner violence among a sample of blue-collar couples.

Understanding how each partner's alcohol problems may contribute to the risk of male-to-female only, female-to-male only, or bidirectional partner violence is important for the prevention and treatment of these problems. Multinomial regression analysis was conducted using data from 848 blue-collar couples. Findings suggest that male alcohol problems are linked to male-to-female and bidirectional partner violence but not with female-to-male partner violence.

Ethnicity, well-being, and the organization of labor among shade tobacco workers.

The cultivation and processing of shade tobacco in the Connecticut River Valley (United States) is highly specialized and labor intensive and is dependent on a multi-ethnic workforce of migrant farm workers from Latin America and the West Indies. Production is structured through an ethnically reified division of labor, constituted by historical migration patterns, English language ability, and racially informed perceptions of what constitutes a "good worker." Regardless of position, these workers find themselves geographically and socially isolated and subjected to hazardous and exploitative working conditions.

Measuring intimate partner violence among male and female farmworkers in San Diego County, CA.

Although there are over one million farmworkers in the United States, little is known about intimate partner violence (IPV) among this population. Given the particular demands of agricultural labor, however, farmworkers and their partners are highly susceptible to a host of occupation-specific stressors that may result in relationship conflict, and thereafter IPV. In cases where one or both members of the dyad engage in problematic drinking, the likelihood of violence increases exponentially.

PTSD Treatment-Seeking Among Rural Latino Combat Veterans: A Review of the Literature.

Latino combat soldiers report both higher prevalence and greater overall severity of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms than non-Hispanic Caucasians. However, these veterans face unique social and cultural barriers to accessing treatment for PTSD that distinguish them from their non-Hispanic white counterparts. Latino veterans who reside in rural settings face additional socio-cultural and structural impediments, in that they are likely to reside far from VA (Veterans Administration) medical facilities, have limited access to public transportation, and hold more conservative views toward mental health treatment than those residing in urban locales.

Functional significance of AtHMA4 C-terminal domain in planta.

Background: Enhancing the upward translocation of heavy metals such as Zn from root to shoot through genetic engineering has potential for biofortification and phytoremediation. This study examined the contribution of the heavy metal-transporting ATPase, AtHMA4, to the shoot ionomic profile of soil-grown plants, and investigated the importance of the C-terminal domain in the functioning of this transporter.

Principal Findings: The Arabidopsis hma2 hma4 mutant has a stunted phenotype and a distinctive ionomic profile, with low shoot levels of Zn, Cd, Co, K and Rb, and high shoot Cu.

Day laborers and occupational stress: testing the Migrant Stress Inventory with a Latino day laborer population.

Although day laborers are likely to suffer from high rates of work-related stress, there are no survey measures that focus on stress among this occupational group. Accordingly, we tested the validity and reliability of the Migrant Stress Inventory (MSI), a scale originally designed for migrant farmworkers. Based on survey data collected from day laborers (N = 102) in two Northern California communities, the MSI was found to have adequate internal consistency, yet additional analyses indicated a different factor structure for the subscales.

Dimensions of problem drinking among young adult restaurant workers.

Background: Nationwide surveys identify food service workers as heavy alcohol users.

Objectives: This article analyzes dimensions and correlates of problem drinking among young adult food service workers.

Methods: A telephone survey of national restaurant chain employees yielded 1,294 completed surveys.

The Effects of Problem Drinking and Sexual Risk Among Mexican Migrant Workers on Their Community of Origin.

Although the financial remittances sent by male Mexican migrant workers residing in the United States can result in higher standards of living for their families and home communities, out-migration may lead to increased migrant problem drinking and sexual risk behaviors, which may in turn impact these same communities of origin. Based on semi-structured interviewing (n=60) and participant observation in a migrant sending community in central Mexico and a receiving community in the Northeastern United States, this paper explores the effects of out-migration on HIV risk and problem drinking among United States-based migrants from a small agricultural community in the Mexican state of Puebla. We argue that problem drinking and risky sexual behaviors among these migrant workers have had significant consequences for their home community in terms of diminished remittances, the introduction of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections, and loss of husbands or kinsmen to automobile accidents.

Social and emotional wellbeing training of psychiatrists in Victoria: preliminary communication.

Objectives: The aim of this paper is to document the processes towards ensuring that all psychiatrists in training in Victoria have appropriate Indigenous mental health experience and training.

Conclusions: This paper describes the process of implementation of the 2004 Indigenous Mental Health Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (RANZCP) Training By-Laws within Victoria. It is likely that the challenges of ensuring access to this training experience, within the Victorian RANZCP Training Program, have been experienced to varying degrees within other Australian training programs.

Problem Drinking, Unemployment, and Intimate Partner Violence among a Sample of Construction Industry Workers and their Partners.

The purpose of this study is to determine the contribution of male unemployment and each partner's problem drinking to risk for male-to-female partner violence (MFPV) and female-to-male partner violence (FMPV) among a sample of construction industry workers and their spouses/partners. Participants in the sample (n=848 couples) completed cross-sectional health behavior surveys. Multivariate logistic regression models of MFPV and FMPV, with adjustment for demographic and psychosocial variables, were developed.

Implementation of Indigenous mental health training in Victoria.

Objective: This article aims to describe the process of implementation of the 2004 Indigenous Mental Health Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (RANZCP) Training By-Laws within Victoria.

Conclusions: It is likely that the challenges of ensuring access to this training experience, within the Victorian RANZCP Training Program, have been experienced to varying degrees within other Australian training programs. The vertical integration of an Indigenous health curriculum extends work being done in all undergraduate medical schools in Australia and New Zealand, and which the Australian Medical Council has incorporated into the accreditation of medical schools.