Intraduodenal nutrient infusion differentially alters intestinal nutrient sensing, appetite, and satiety responses in lean and obese subjects.

Background: Intestinal nutrient sensing regulates food intake and energy metabolism by acting locally and relaying nutritional status to the brain. It is unclear whether these mechanisms are altered in obese humans.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate differences in duodenal nutrient sensing in humans with or without obesity and the effects of transiently blocking vagal transmission on nutrient sensing, hunger, and appetite.

Epidemiology of Pediatric Foreign Body Ingestions Amidst the Coronavirus 2019 Pandemic at a Tertiary Care Children's Hospital.

Objectives: The coronavirus disease (COVID) 2019 pandemic and resultant stay-at-home orders altered caregivers' responsibilities and children's daily environments. We aimed to compare the epidemiology and morbidity of foreign body ingestions (FBIs) during the COVID pandemic and the prior year.

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of children cared for at our tertiary care children's hospital for FBI from March to July 2019 (pre-COVID) and March to July 2020 (COVID).

Efficacy and Outcomes of Faecal Microbiota Transplantation for Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection in Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Background: Children with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] are disproportionally affected by recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection [rCDI]. Although faecal microbiota transplantation [FMT] has been used with good efficacy in adults with IBD, little is known about outcomes associated with FMT in paediatric IBD.

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of FMT at 20 paediatric centres in the USA from March 2012 to March 2020.

A Multiple Case Study of Coordinated Care for Children with IBD through Caregiver Interviews.

Introduction: Effective care coordination is critical to manage unpredictable complications of conditions such as pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that have a relapsing and remitting course. Our objective was to explore perspectives of care coordination following emergency department (ED) visits by children with IBD, because these may indicate deficient care coordination.

Methods: Using a multiple case study approach, we sought perspectives through semi-structured interviews of caregivers (parents, primary care providers, and gastroenterologists) for children with IBD who had a recent ED visit in either of two large pediatric referral centers in the southeastern US.

Efficacy of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Clostridium difficile Infection in Children.

Background & Aims: Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is commonly used to treat Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). CDI is an increasing cause of diarrheal illness in pediatric patients, but the effects of FMT have not been well studied in children. We performed a multi-center retrospective cohort study of pediatric and young adult patients to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and factors associated with a successful FMT for the treatment of CDI.