The age-dependent development of abnormal cardiac metabolism in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α-knockout mouse.

Background And Aims: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is crucial for regulating cardiac β-oxidation in the heart, liver, and kidney. Ageing can induce cardiac metabolic alterations, but the role of PPARα has not been extensively characterised. The aim of this research was to investigate the role of PPARα in the aged heart.

Hyperpolarized C and P MRS detects differences in cardiac energetics, metabolism, and function in obesity, and responses following treatment.

Obesity is associated with important changes in cardiac energetics and function, and an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Multi-nuclear MRS and MRI techniques have the potential to provide a comprehensive non-invasive assessment of cardiac metabolic perturbation in obesity. A rat model of obesity was created by high-fat diet feeding.

Efficacy and Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance Gene Degradation and Cell Membrane Damage during Ultraviolet Advanced Oxidation Processes.

Combinations of UV with oxidants can initiate advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) and enhance bacterial inactivation. However, the effectiveness and mechanisms of UV-AOPs in damaging nucleic acids (e.g.

Metacognitive accuracy predicts self-reported quality of life following traumatic brain injury.

Objective: Metacognition and quality of life (QoL) are both adversely affected by traumatic brain injury (TBI), but the relation between them is not fully understood. As such, the purpose of this study was to determine the degree to which metacognitive accuracy predicts QoL in individuals with TBI.

Methods: Eighteen participants with moderate-to-severe TBI completed a stimulus-response task requiring the discrimination of emotions depicted in pictures of faces and then provided a retrospective confidence judgment after each response.

Chemical characteristics, leaching, and stability of the ubiquitous tire rubber-derived toxicant 6PPD-quinone.

We here report chemical characteristics relevant to the fate and transport of the recently discovered environmental toxicant 6PPD-quinone (2-((4-methylpentan-2-yl)amino)-5-(phenylamino)cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione or "6PPDQ"). 6PPDQ is a transformation product of the tire rubber antioxidant 6PPD that is ubiquitous in roadway environments, including atmospheric particulate matter, soils, runoff, and receiving waters, after dispersal from tire rubber use and wear on roadways. The aqueous solubility and octanol-water partitioning coefficient ( log ) for 6PPDQ were measured to be 38 ± 10 μg L and 4.

Transformation Products of Tire Rubber Antioxidant 6PPD in Heterogeneous Gas-Phase Ozonation: Identification and Environmental Occurrence.

6PPD, a tire rubber antioxidant, poses substantial ecological risks because it can form a highly toxic quinone transformation product (TP), 6PPD-quinone (6PPDQ), during exposure to gas-phase ozone. Important data gaps exist regarding the structures, reaction mechanisms, and environmental occurrence of TPs from 6PPD ozonation. To address these data gaps, gas-phase ozonation of 6PPD was conducted over 24-168 h and ozonation TPs were characterized using high-resolution mass spectrometry.

Working memory and sensory memory in subclinical high schizotypy: An avenue for understanding schizophrenia?

The search for robust, reliable biomarkers of schizophrenia remains a high priority in psychiatry. Biomarkers are valuable because they can reveal the underlying mechanisms of symptoms and monitor treatment progress and may predict future risk of developing schizophrenia. Despite the existence of various promising biomarkers that relate to symptoms across the schizophrenia spectrum, and despite published recommendations encouraging multivariate metrics, they are rarely investigated simultaneously within the same individuals.

Screening -Phenylenediamine Antioxidants, Their Transformation Products, and Industrial Chemical Additives in Crumb Rubber and Elastomeric Consumer Products.

Recently, roadway releases of ,'-substituted -phenylenediamine (PPD) antioxidants and their transformation products (TPs) received significant attention due to the highly toxic 6PPD-quinone. However, the occurrence of PPDs and TPs in recycled tire rubber products remains uncharacterized. Here, we analyzed tire wear particles (TWPs), recycled rubber doormats, and turf-field crumb rubbers for seven PPD antioxidants, five PPD-quinones (PPDQs), and five other 6PPD TPs using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Task-irrelevant emotional faces impact BOLD responses more for prosaccades than antisaccades in a mixed saccade fMRI task.

Cognitive control allows individuals to flexibly and efficiently perform tasks by attending to relevant stimuli while inhibiting distraction from irrelevant stimuli. The antisaccade task assesses cognitive control by requiring participants to inhibit a prepotent glance towards a peripheral stimulus and generate an eye movement to the mirror image location. This task can be administered with various contextual manipulations to investigate how factors such as trial timing or emotional content interact with cognitive control.

Application of Nucleotide-Based Kinetic Modeling Approaches to Predict Antibiotic Resistance Gene Degradation during UV- and Chlorine-Based Wastewater Disinfection Processes: From Bench- to Full-Scale.

This study investigated antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) degradation kinetics in wastewaters during bench- and full-scale treatment with UV light and chlorine─with the latter maintained as free available chlorine (FAC) in low-ammonia wastewater and converted into monochloramine (NHCl) in high-ammonia wastewater. Twenty-three 142-1509 bp segments (i.e.

Haematological and biochemical pathology markers for a predictive model for ITU admission and death from COVID-19: A retrospective study.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 has affected over 227 countries. Changes in haematological and biochemical characteristics in patients with COVID-19 are emerging as important features of the disease. This study aims to identify the pathological findings of COVID-19 patients at Bedford Hospital by analysing laboratory parameters that were identified as significant potential markers of COVID-19.

Variability of dot spread is overestimated.

Previous research has demonstrated that individuals exhibit a tendency to overestimate the variability of both low-level features (e.g., color, orientation) and mid-level features (e.

Visual bias could impede diagnostic accuracy of breast cancer calcifications.

Diagnosing breast cancer based on the distribution of calcifications is a visual task and thus prone to visual biases. We tested whether a recently discovered visual bias that has implications for breast cancer diagnosis would be present in expert radiologists, thereby validating the concern of this bias for accurate diagnoses. We ran a vision experiment with expert radiologists and untrained observers to test the presence of visual bias when judging the spread of dots that resembled calcifications and when judging the spread of line orientations.

Reactivity of Viral Nucleic Acids with Chlorine and the Impact of Virus Encapsidation.

Free chlorine disinfection is widely applied to inactivate viruses by reacting with their biomolecules, which include nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. Knowing the reactivities of viral genomes with free chlorine and the protection that encapsidation provides would ultimately help predict virus susceptibility to the disinfectant. The relative reactivities of different viral genome types and the impact of viral higher order structure with free chlorine are poorly characterized.

The Z-Box illusion: dominance of motion perception among multiple 3D objects.

In the present article, we examine a novel illusion of motion-the Z-Box illusion-in which the presence of a bounding object influences the perception of motion of an ambiguous stimulus that appears within. Specifically, the stimuli are a structure-from-motion (SFM) particle orb and a wireframe cube. The orb could be perceived as rotating clockwise or counterclockwise while the cube could only be perceived as moving in one direction.

Degradation and deactivation of plasmid-encoded antibiotic resistance genes during exposure to ozone and chlorine.

Degradation and deactivation kinetics of an antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) by ozone (O) and free available chlorine (FAC) were investigated in phosphate-buffered solutions at pH 7 for O (in the presence of tert‑butanol), and pH 6.8 or 8.1 for FAC.

Convolutional neural networks can decode eye movement data: A black box approach to predicting task from eye movements.

Previous attempts to classify task from eye movement data have relied on model architectures designed to emulate theoretically defined cognitive processes and/or data that have been processed into aggregate (e.g., fixations, saccades) or statistical (e.

Evaluation of hydroxyl radical and reactive chlorine species generation from the superoxide/hypochlorous acid reaction as the basis for a novel advanced oxidation process.

The reaction of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) with superoxide radical (O) - a source of hydroxyl radical (HO) and various reactive chlorine species (RCS) - was investigated as the basis for a novel non-photochemical advanced oxidation process (AOP). Moderately stable (t ~ minutes) aqueous O stocks were prepared by several approaches at pH>12 and either (a) added directly to aqueous free available chlorine (FAC; i.e.

Degradation Kinetics of Antibiotic Resistance Gene of Methicillin-Resistant (MRSA) during Water Disinfection with Chlorine, Ozone, and Ultraviolet Light.

Degradation kinetics of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) by free available chlorine (FAC), ozone (O), and UV light (UV) were investigated in phosphate buffered solutions at pH 7 using a chromosomal ARG () of methicillin-resistant (MRSA). For FAC, the degradation rates of extracellular (extra-) were accelerated with increasing FAC exposure, which could be explained by a two-step FAC reaction model. The degradation of extra- by O followed second-order reaction kinetics.

A ubiquitous tire rubber-derived chemical induces acute mortality in coho salmon.

In U.S. Pacific Northwest coho salmon (), stormwater exposure annually causes unexplained acute mortality when adult salmon migrate to urban creeks to reproduce.

Rapid determination of trace haloacetic acids in water and wastewater using non-suppressed ion chromatography with electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry.

A simple and rapid method employing non-suppressed ion chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry has been developed for the direct determination of trace-level haloacetic acids (HAAs) in water samples. Using 70/30 (v/v) acetonitrile/1 M aqueous methylamine as the mobile phase, three IC columns - AS16, AS18 and AS24 from Thermo-Scientific - were tested, respectively, with the AS16 column exhibiting the best overall performance with respect to resolution and retention time. To assess the effects of mobile phase composition on retention time of HAAs, the AS16 column was further tested using (i) different proportions of acetonitrile to aqueous methylamine, (ii) different proportions of acetonitrile to aqueous solution at fixed methylamine concentrations, and (iii) different concentrations of methylamine at fixed proportions of acetonitrile to aqueous solution.

Early detection of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats by its cardiac metabolic signature assessed with hyperpolarized MRI.

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent that can cause serious cardiotoxic side effects culminating in congestive heart failure (HF). There are currently no clinical imaging techniques or biomarkers available to detect DOX-cardiotoxicity before functional decline. Mitochondrial dysfunction is thought to be a key factor driving functional decline, though real-time metabolic fluxes have never been assessed in DOX-cardiotoxicity.

Machine learning-based classification of viewing behavior using a wide range of statistical oculomotor features.

Since the seminal work of Yarbus, multiple studies have demonstrated the influence of task-set on oculomotor behavior and the current cognitive state. In more recent years, this field of research has expanded by evaluating the costs of abruptly switching between such different tasks. At the same time, the field of classifying oculomotor behavior has been moving toward more advanced, data-driven methods of decoding data.

Metabolism.

Metabolism consists of a series of reactions that occur within cells of living organisms to sustain life. The process of metabolism involves many interconnected cellular pathways to ultimately provide cells with the energy required to carry out their function. The importance and the evolutionary advantage of these pathways can be seen as many remain unchanged by animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria.