Longitudinal changes in systemic right ventricular remodeling in adult patients with transposition of the great vessels as assessed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging.

Background: Systemic right ventricular (sRV) physiology occurs in patients with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (ccTGA) and D-TGA post atrial switch repair, and the natural history is of progressive sRV dysfunction. No study has assessed longitudinal changes in sRV remodeling by serial cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR).

Methods: Patients evaluated at two adult congenital heart disease centers and who underwent ≥2 CMR exams were studied.

Assessment of Biventricular Systolic and Diastolic Function Using Conventional and Strain Echocardiography in Children with Sickle Cell Disease Surviving 1-year After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) is a potentially curative therapy for children with sickle cell disease (SCD). The effects of HSCT on ventricular function are not well characterized in children with SCD. Echocardiograms from children with SCD who underwent HSCT between 2007 and 2017 were retrospectively analyzed before and 1-year after HSCT.

Practice patterns of cardiovascular magnetic resonance use in the diagnosis of pediatric myocarditis: A survey-based study.

Background: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is used to diagnose myocarditis in adults and children based on the original Lake Louise criteria (LLC) and more recently the revised LLC. The major change included in the revised LLC was the incorporation of parametric mapping, which significantly increases the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis. Subsequently, scientific statements have recommended the use of parametric mapping in the diagnosis of myocarditis in children.

Limited Relationship Between Echocardiographic Measures and Electrocardiographic Markers of Left Ventricular Size in Healthy Children.

Pediatric ECG standards have been defined without echocardiographic confirmation of normal anatomy. The Pediatric Heart Network Normal Echocardiogram Z-score Project provides a racially diverse group of healthy children with normal echocardiograms. We hypothesized that ECG and echocardiographic measures of left ventricular (LV) dimensions are sufficiently correlated in healthy children to imply a clinically meaningful relationship.

Association Between High Sensitivity Troponin Levels Following Pediatric Orthotopic Heart Transplantation and Intensive Care Unit Resource Utilization.

The utility of troponin levels, including high sensitivity troponin T (hs-TnT), after orthotopic heart transplant (OHT) is controversial. Conflicting data exist regarding its use as a marker of acute rejection. Few studies have examined possible associations of hs-TnT levels immediately after OHT with metrics of intensive care unit (ICU) resource utilization or risk of acute rejection.

Right atrial function early after tetralogy of Fallot repair.

Diastolic dysfunction after repair for Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is associated with adverse long-term outcomes. Right atrial (RA) mechanics as a proxy of right ventricular (RV) diastolic function in the early post-operative period after surgical repair for TOF has not been reported. We sought to evaluate RA and RV strain prior to hospital discharge after TOF repair and to identify important patient factors associated with strain using a machine learning method.

Valved Sano conduit improves immediate outcomes following Norwood operation compared with nonvalved Sano conduit.

Objective: Use of a valved Sano during the Norwood procedure has been reported previously, but its impact on clinical outcomes needs to be further elucidated. We assessed the impact of the valved Sano compared with the nonvalved Sano after the Norwood procedure in patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 25 consecutive neonates with hypoplastic left heart syndrome who underwent a Norwood procedure with a valved Sano conduit using a femoral venous homograft and 25 consecutive neonates with hypoplastic left heart syndrome who underwent a Norwood procedure with a nonvalved Sano conduit between 2013 and 2022.

Outcomes and Risk Factors of Interventions for Pediatric Post-operative Pulmonary Vein Stenosis.

Pulmonary vein stenosis (PVS) in children is a challenging condition with poor outcomes. Post-operative stenosis can occur after repair of anomalous pulmonary venous return (APVR) or stenosis within native veins. There is limited data on the outcomes of post-operative PVS.

Myocardial Fibrosis in Congenital Heart Disease and the Role of MRI.

Progress in the field of congenital heart surgery over the last century can only be described as revolutionary. Recent improvements in patient outcomes have been achieved through refinements in perioperative care. In the current and future eras, the preservation and restoration of myocardial health, beginning with the monitoring of tissue remodeling, will be central to improving cardiac outcomes.

Correlation Between Right Ventricular Echocardiography Measurements and Functional Capacity in Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.

Background: Accelerometry is an emerging option for real-time evaluation of functional capacity in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). This prospective pilot study assesses the relationship between functional capacity by accelerometry and right ventricular measurements on echocardiography for this high-risk cohort.

Methods: Patients with PAH were prospectively enrolled and underwent 6-Minute Walk Test and cardiopulmonary exercise testing.

Ventricular function and tissue characterization by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging following hospitalization for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: a prospective study.

Background: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a severe life-threatening manifestation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection that often presents with acute cardiac dysfunction and cardiogenic shock. While recovery from acute illness is excellent, the long-term myocardial impact is unknown.

Objective: To compare cardiac MRI findings in children 6-9 months after their hospitalization with MIS-C against MRI findings in healthy controls to assess for residual myocardial disease.

Comparison of serum biomarkers of myocardial fibrosis with cardiac magnetic resonance in patients operated for tetralogy of Fallot.

Background: Serum biomarkers of myocardial fibrosis are considered markers of adverse outcome in adults with heart disease. Associations between biomarkers and clinical parameters in tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) has been understudied. We compared serum biomarker profiles with clinical and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) parameters of ventricular remodeling in patients with repaired TOF.

Ventricular Function and Tissue Characterization By Cardiac MRI in Children Following Hospitalization for Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C): A Prospective Study.

Background Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) is a severe life-threatening manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Acute cardiac dysfunction and resultant cardiogenic shock are common in children with MIS-C. While most children recover rapidly from acute illness, the long-term impact on the myocardium and cardiac function is unknown.

Right Ventricular Strain Is Associated With Increased Length of Stay After Tetralogy of Fallot Repair.

Background: Little is known regarding right ventricular (RV) remodeling immediately after Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) repair. We sought to describe myocardial deformation by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) after TOF repair and investigate associations between these parameters and early post-operative outcomes.

Methods: Fifteen infants underwent CMR without sedation as part of a prospective pilot study after undergoing complete TOF repair, prior to hospital discharge.

Cardiac MRI predictors of adverse outcomes in adults with a systemic right ventricle.

Aims: Predicting risk in individuals with a systemic right ventricle (SRV) remains difficult. We assessed the value of cardiac MRI (CMR) for predicting death, heart transplantation (HT), or need for a ventricular assist device (VAD) in adults with D-transposition of the great arteries (DTGA) post Mustard/Senning and in adults with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (ccTGA) at two large academic centres.

Methods And Results: Between December 1999 and November 2020, 158 adult patients with an SRV underwent CMR.

Longitudinal Outcomes for Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children.

Background: In spring 2020, a novel hyperinflammatory process associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) was described. The long-term impact remains unknown. We report longitudinal outcomes from a New York interdisciplinary follow-up program.