Exposures to psycholeptics, psychoanaleptics, and cardiovascular drugs reported to the PIC erfurt during heat waves from 2003 to 2018.

Psycholeptics, psychoanaleptics, and cardiovascular drugs alter individual tolerance to extreme heat. To explore the influence of heat waves on their toxicity in acute overdose, we retrospectively analyzed all human exposures to psycholeptics and psychoanaleptics (PLAexp) as well as cardiovascular drugs (CVDexp) registered by the Poisons Information Center (PIC) Erfurt between June to September of the years 2003 to 2018 for frequency, age groups, sex, circumstances of exposure, and symptom severity. The results of the non-heat years (NHY) 2004-2005 and 2007-2014 (average air temperature June-September 16.

Medication errors in inquiries to the Poison Information Center Erfurt - a systematic analysis.

Introduction: Poison Information Centers (PICs) fulfil the legal mandate to provide advice and answer inquiries from healthcare professionals and medical nonprofessionals on measures to be taken in the event of an intoxication. Medication errors might be a frequent cause of intoxication. However, hardly any data on medication errors are available from PICs.

[Illicit Drug Exposures Reported to the Poisons Information Centre Erfurt (2011 to 2020)].

Aim Of The Study: Because of significant changes in recent years, cases of illicit drug exposure reported to the Poisons Information Centre (PIC) Erfurt during the last 10 years were investigated.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of above-mentioned cases from 2011 to 2020 according to substance classes, symptom severity, age groups, and gender.

Results: Cases of illicit drug exposure (4,963, 2.

Exposures to Dental Products, Stomatological Preparations, and in Dental Care and Toothache reported to the PIC Erfurt (1997 to 2017).

We examined human exposures to dental products (EDP), stomatological preparations (ESP), and in the context of dental care (EDC) or toothache (ETA) registered by the Poisons Information Centre (PIC) Erfurt from 1997 to 2017. Dental products like dental technical and filling materials belong to medical devices. Stomatological preparations were classified according to the ATC code and symptom severity to the Poisoning Severity Score (PSS).

[Poisoning by exotic pets].

Exotic poisonous animals such as snakes, marine animals, spiders, and scorpions are a rarity in Central Europe, but are kept as pets by some people. Poisoning caused by these animals is a particular challenge in medical care.Over a period of six years (2001-2006), a total of 202 cases of poisoning with exotic animals were registered and evaluated at four poison information centers in Germany and France.

[Intoxications in Children and Adolescents in Germany].

Background: In Germany, intoxications cause the bulk of emergencies in children, to be prevented or attenuated by preventive measures. Therefore, knowledge about intoxications is essential for pediatricians. The present work provides general and epidemiologic data about intoxications and most frequent categories and single toxicants.

Angiotensin II antagonists - an assessment of their acute toxicity.

Objective: In Germany, increasing prescription rates of angiotensin II antagonists resulted in rising enquiries to Poisons Information Centres (PICs) during the last decade. Therefore, we aimed to assess their acute toxicity for deriving triage recommendations.

Methods: An observational case series with data collected retrospectively from eight PICs in Austria, Germany and Switzerland.

Of pills, plants, and paraquat: the relevance of poison centers in emergency medicine.

The organization and work of a poisons center are demonstrated on the basis of GIZ-Nord Poisons Center Annual Report for 2011. In a short summary the basic principles of clinical toxicology are elucidated: the indications for gastric lavage and the application of activated charcoal. Moreover the means of enhanced elimination are presented: hemodialysis, hemoperfusion, multi-dose activated charcoal and molecular absorbent recirculating system (MARS).

Plant exposures reported to the Poisons Information Centre Erfurt from 2001-2010.

At the moment, no recent study about plant exposures in Germany and in the federal states the Poisons Information Centre (PIC) Erfurt is serving is available. To get new information about important characteristics of plant exposures like the development of frequency, plants, age groups involved, circumstances of exposure, and symptom severity, we conducted a retrospective study including all human plant exposures reported to the PIC Erfurt over a 10-year period from the beginning of 2001 to the end of 2010. In total, 13 001 plant exposures were registered.

[Carbon monoxide poisoning from indoor barbecues--incidents reported to the German-speaking Poison Information Centers and the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) in Berlin].

From 2008 to the end of 2009 the Joint Poison Information Center (PIC) in Erfurt observed 7 incidents involving 17 persons (1 fatality) with signs of carbon monoxide poisoning from indoor barbecues (COFIB). To find out whether COFIB is a regional or a general phenomenon in Germany, Austria and Switzerland, all information about COFIBs recorded by the 11 German-speaking Poison Information Centers and the BfR Berlin were retrospectively analyzed for the period 2000 to 2009. In all, 60 COFIBs (accidental: 90.

Iatrogenic intravenous medication errors reported to the GIZ-Nord Poisons Center Göttingen.

Background: We analyzed the iatrogenic intravenous medication errors (IIME) reported to the GIZ-Nord Poisons Center Göttingen.

Methods: IIME over a ten year period were analyzed retrospectively and categorized into error types, age groups, drugs involved, and severity of IIME at registration and after known outcome.

Results: 265 IIME were registered from 1997 to 2006.

Bites and stings by exotic pets in Europe: an 11 year analysis of 404 cases from Northeastern Germany and Southeastern France.

Introduction: The presence of exotic, and sometimes venomous, pets in European homes is becoming more common. This phenomenon is the basis of a French-German cooperative evaluation of the species causing the injuries and the circumstances, severity, and treatment of the envenomations

Methods: A retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional, case series of data from 1996 to 2006. The study sample consists of all cases of bites and stings by exotic pets that were registered at four poisons European poisons centers.

Iatrogenic intravenous medication errors reported to the PIC Erfurt.

Background: We investigated the iatrogenic intravenous medication errors (IIME) reported to the Poisons Information Center (PIC) Erfurt.

Methods: All IIME over a ten year period were analyzed retrospectively and categorized into error types, age groups, drugs involved, and estimated risk of toxicity.

Results: From 1997 to 2006 the PIC Erfurt registered 132 cases of IIME.

Different curcuminoids inhibit T-lymphocyte proliferation independently of their radical scavenging activities.

Purpose: We investigated the inhibitory effects of curcumin, curcumin derivatives and degradation products on OKT3-induced human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proliferation and the role of their radical scavenging activity.

Methods: OKT3-induced human PBMC proliferation was determined by measuring 3H-thymidine incorporation. Radical scavenging activity was evaluated by using an in vitro DPPH assay.

Glycine affects valproate hepatotoxicity.

Valproate is a widely used anticonvulsant drug. Valproate is linked to hepatotoxicity which is rare but potentially lethal. The pathomechanism is not yet completely understood.

Quantification of the carbapenem antibiotic ertapenem in human plasma by a validated liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method.

Background: Ertapenem (Invanz) is a newly developed carbapenem beta-lactam antibiotic. LC-MS is the method of choice for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of a variety of drugs including antibiotics. No validated LC-MS method for ertapenem quantification is described in the literature so far.

Influence of cyclosporine on the serum concentration and biliary excretion of mycophenolic acid and 7-O-mycophenolic acid glucuronide.

The authors have investigated whether cyclosporine decreases the serum concentration of mycophenolic acid, the active principle of the immunosuppressant mycophenolate mofetil, and increases that of the inactive metabolite 7-O-mycophenolic acid glucuronide by reducing their enterohepatic recirculation. Rats were treated daily with methylcellulose (1.66 mL/kg PO) plus 0.

Simultaneous determination of four immunosuppressants by means of high speed and robust on-line solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

In this study immunosuppressants, i.e. cyclosporin A (CyA), tacrolimus (TRL), sirolimus (SRL) and everolimus (RAD) were quantified in whole blood samples from immunosuppressant treated transplant recipients by an integrated on-line solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-HPLC-MS/MS) system.

Everolimus/cyclosporine interactions on bile flow and biliary excretion of bile salts and cholesterol in rats.

As a possible explanation for everolimus/cyclosporine-induced hypercholesterolemia seen in transplant recipients, we investigated the interactions of the immunosuppressants everolimus and cyclosporine on bile flow and biliary excretion of bile salts and cholesterol in a subchronic bile fistula model in rats because biliary excretion is a main elimination route of cholesterol. After 2 weeks of daily treatment, everolimus (1 mg/kg i.p.

Effects of curcumin on cyclosporine-induced cholestasis and hypercholesterolemia and on cyclosporine metabolism in the rat.

Former studies have shown that curcumin, which can be extracted from different Curcuma species, is able to stimulate bile flow and to reduce hypercholesterolemia. We investigated in a subchronic bile fistula model the ability of curcumin to reduce cyclosporine-induced cholestasis and hypercholesterolemia. Male Wistar rats were daily treated with curcumin (100 mg/kg p.

Sirolimus/cyclosporine/tacrolimus interactions on bile flow and biliary excretion of immunosuppressants in a subchronic bile fistula rat model.

The new immunosuppressive agent sirolimus generally is combined in transplant patients with cyclosporine and tacrolimus which both exhibit cholestatic effects. Nothing is known about possible cholestatic effects of these combinations which might be important for biliary excretion of endogenous compounds as well as of immunosuppressants. Rats were daily treated with sirolimus (1 mg kg(-1) p.

Simultaneous quantification of sirolimus, everolimus, tacrolimus and cyclosporine by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).

We developed a universal liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) assay with automated online extraction to quantify simultaneously the immunosuppressants sirolimus, everolimus, tacrolimus, and cyclosporine. Whole blood (300 microl) plus 6 microl 32-desmethoxyrapamycin (1 ng/microl) as internal standard was treated with 600 microl methanol/0.2 M ZnSO4 (80/20 v/v).