Structural mechanisms for VMAT2 inhibition by tetrabenazine.

The vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) is a proton-dependent antiporter responsible for loading monoamine neurotransmitters into synaptic vesicles. Dysregulation of VMAT2 can lead to several neuropsychiatric disorders including Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia. Furthermore, drugs such as amphetamine and MDMA are known to act on VMAT2, exemplifying its role in the mechanisms of actions for drugs of abuse.

A bioengineered artificial interstitium supports long-term islet xenograft survival in nonhuman primates without immunosuppression.

Cell-based therapies hold promise for many chronic conditions; however, the continued need for immunosuppression along with challenges in replacing cells to improve durability or retrieving cells for safety are major obstacles. We subcutaneously implanted a device engineered to exploit the innate transcapillary hydrostatic and colloid osmotic pressure generating ultrafiltrate to mimic interstitium. Long-term stable accumulation of ultrafiltrate was achieved in both rodents and nonhuman primates (NHPs) that was chemically similar to serum and achieved capillary blood oxygen concentration.

Structural mechanisms for VMAT2 inhibition by tetrabenazine.

The vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) is a proton-dependent antiporter responsible for loading monoamine neurotransmitters into synaptic vesicles. Dysregulation of VMAT2 can lead to several neuropsychiatric disorders including Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia. Furthermore, drugs such as amphetamine and MDMA are known to act on VMAT2, exemplifying its role in the mechanisms of actions for drugs of abuse.

In-hospital Outcomes for COVID-19 Patients in the Military Health System: Comparison of Military and Civilian Facility Treatment.

Introduction: Beneficiaries of TRICARE, an insurance program of the military health system, can choose to receive care within the private sector (fee-for-service) or direct (budget-based facilities with salaried providers) care setting. Previous studies in several specialties have shown that there are disparities in both resource utilization and outcomes between the two settings. In this study, we sought to determine differences in outcomes between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients treated in the private sector versus direct care.

Accessibility of Level III trauma centers for underserved populations: A cross-sectional study.

Background: By providing definitive care for many, and rapid assessment, resuscitation, stabilization, and transfer to Level I/II centers when needed, Level III trauma centers can augment capacity in high resource regions and extend the geographic reach to lower resource regions. We sought to (1) characterize populations served principally by Level III trauma centers, (2) estimate differences in time to care by trauma center level, and (3) update national estimates of trauma center access.

Methods: In a cross-sectional study (United States, 2019), we estimated travel time from census block groups to the nearest Level I/II trauma center and nearest Level III trauma center.

Health-Care Utilization and Expenditures Associated with Long-Term Treatment After Combat and Non-Combat-Related Orthopaedic Trauma.

Background: The long-term consequences of musculoskeletal trauma can be profound and can extend beyond the post-injury period. The surveillance of long-term expenditures among individuals who sustain orthopaedic trauma has been limited in prior work. We sought to compare the health-care requirements of active-duty individuals who sustained orthopaedic injuries in combat and non-combat (United States) environments using TRICARE claims data.

Geospatial Analysis of Access to Emergency Cesarean Delivery for Military and Civilian Populations in the US.

Importance: Many women in the US, particularly those living in rural areas, have limited access to obstetric care. Military-civilian partnership could improve access to obstetric care and benefit military personnel, their civilian dependents, and the civilian population as a whole.

Objective: To identify medical facilities within military and civilian geographic areas that present opportunities for military-civilian partnership in obstetric care and to assess whether civilian use of military medical treatment facilities (MTFs) could improve access to emergency cesarean delivery care in the US.

The impact of the Affordable Care Act's medicaid expansion on patients admitted for burns: An analysis of national data.

Introduction: The first states began implementing the Medicaid expansion provisions of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) in 2014. Studies have yet to address its impact on burn patients.

Methods: Burn patients in geographic regions that expanded Medicaid coverage were compared to patients in regions that did not expand Medicaid before and after implementation of the ACA using bivariate statistics and a difference-in-differences model.

Analysis of Surgical Volume in Military Medical Treatment Facilities and Clinical Combat Readiness of US Military Surgeons.

Importance: Low surgical volume in the US Military Health System (MHS) has been identified as a challenge to military surgeon readiness. The Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, in partnership with the American College of Surgeons, developed the Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities (KSA) Clinical Readiness Program that includes a tool for quantifying the clinical readiness value of surgeon workload, known as the KSA metric.

Objective: To describe changes in US military general surgeon procedural volume and readiness using the KSA metric.

Understanding the role of informal caregivers in postoperative care transitions for older patients.

Background: Older adults may have new care needs and functional limitations after surgery. Many rely on informal caregivers (unpaid family or friends) after discharge but the extent of informal support is unknown. We sought to examine the role of informal postoperative caregiving on transitions of care for older adults undergoing routine surgical procedures.

Correction to: The K-Shaped Recovery: Examining the Diverging Fortunes of Workers in the Recovery from the COVID-19 Pandemic Using Business and Household Survey Microdata.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s10888-021-09506-6.].

The K-Shaped Recovery: Examining the Diverging Fortunes of Workers in the Recovery from the COVID-19 Pandemic Using Business and Household Survey Microdata.

Unlabelled: This paper examines employment patterns by wage group over the course of the coronavirus pandemic in the United States using microdata from two well-known data sources from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics: the Current Employment Statistics and the Current Population Survey.

Long-term Mental Health Trajectories of Injured Military Servicemembers: Comparing Combat to Noncombat Related Injuries.

Objective: We sought to quantify the impact of injury characteristics and setting on the development of mental health conditions, comparing combat to noncombat injury mechanisms.

Background: Due to advances in combat casualty care, military service-members are surviving traumatic injuries at substantial rates. The nature and setting of traumatic injury may influence the development of subsequent mental health disorders more than clinical injury characteristics.

Long-term prescription opioid use among US military service members injured in combat.

Introduction: During the Global War on Terrorism, many US Military service members sustained injuries with potentially long-lasting functional limitations and chronic pain. We sought to understand the patterns of prescription opioid use among service members injured in combat.

Methods: We queried the Military Health System Data Repository to identify service members injured in combat between 2007 and 2011.

Long-Term Healthcare Expenditures Following Combat-Related Traumatic Brain Injury.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common injuries resulting from U.S. Military engagements since 2001.

Dwarf open reading frame (DWORF) is a direct activator of the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium pump SERCA.

The sarco-plasmic reticulum calcium pump (SERCA) plays a critical role in the contraction-relaxation cycle of muscle. In cardiac muscle, SERCA is regulated by the inhibitor phospholamban. A new regulator, dwarf open reading frame (DWORF), has been reported to displace phospholamban from SERCA.

Fosciclopirox suppresses growth of high-grade urothelial cancer by targeting the γ-secretase complex.

Ciclopirox (CPX) is an FDA-approved topical antifungal agent that has demonstrated preclinical anticancer activity in a number of solid and hematologic malignancies. Its clinical utility as an oral anticancer agent, however, is limited by poor oral bioavailability and gastrointestinal toxicity. Fosciclopirox, the phosphoryloxymethyl ester of CPX (Ciclopirox Prodrug, CPX-POM), selectively delivers the active metabolite, CPX, to the entire urinary tract following parenteral administration.

The impact of delayed management of fall-related hip fracture management on health outcomes for African American older adults.

Background: Black hip fracture patients experience worse health outcomes than otherwise similar White patients, but causes of these disparities are not known. We sought to determine if delays in hip fracture surgery and/or hospital structures contribute to racial disparities in hip fracture outcomes.

Methods: Using 2006 to 2016 Trauma Quality Program Public Use Files, we identified hip fracture patients with primary mechanisms of fall from standing and determined surgical treatment category (no surgery, surgery within 24 hours after arrival, surgery 24-48 hours after arrival, surgery more than 48 hours after arrival) as well as hospital structure characteristics (trauma center designation, teaching status, profit status, bed size).

Reassessing the July Effect: 30 Years of Evidence Show No Difference in Outcomes.

Objective: The aim of this study was to critically evaluate whether admission at the beginning versus end of the academic year is associated with increased risk of major adverse outcomes.

Summary Background Data: The hypothesis that the arrival of new residents and fellows is associated with increases in adverse patient outcomes has been the subject of numerous research studies since 1989. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis of July Effect studies published before December 20, 2019, looking for differences in mortality, major morbidity, and readmission.

The Hidden Costs of War: Healthcare Utilization Among Individuals Sustaining Combat-related Trauma (2007-2018).

Objective: We sought to evaluate long-term healthcare requirements of American military servicemembers with combat-related injuries.

Summary Of Background Data: US military conflicts since 2001 have produced the most combat casualties since Vietnam. Long-term consequences on healthcare utilization and associated costs remain unknown.