Minocycline-induced retinal pigment epithelium hyperpigmentation masquerading as age-related macular degeneration: Case presentation and proposed mechanism.

Purpose: We describe the case of an 80-year-old man with bilateral minocycline-induced retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) hyperpigmentation, which initially masqueraded as AMD. Secondarily, using multimodal imaging features, we propose a mechanism for the development of minocycline-induced RPE hyperpigmentation.

Observations: The patient was referred with concern for AMD given the presence of macular drusenoid deposits on optical coherence tomography.

The necessity and role of scleral buckling for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

Purpose Of Review: With a decline in the use of scleral buckling for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repair in recent years, this review seeks to provide a summary of the most recent research findings regarding the role of scleral buckling in the repair of RRD.

Recent Findings: Many recent studies have compared visual and anatomic outcomes between scleral buckling and pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for RRD repair. Some suggest superior outcomes with primary scleral buckling, particularly in younger, phakic patients, and in association with other risk factors that we review.

Trends in the Clinical Presentation of Uveal Melanoma During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background And Objective: The objective was to evaluate factors associated with clinical presentation of uveal melanoma (UM) during the initial two years of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

Patients And Methods: This was a multi-site, retrospective cohort study of patients treated for uveal melanoma during the first (early) and second (late) year of the pandemic compared with the year prior (control).

Results: A total of 48, 67, and 75 patients were in the control, early, and late cohorts, respectively.

Telemedicine retinopathy of prematurity severity score (TeleROP-SS) versus modified activity score (mROP-ActS) retrospective comparison in SUNDROP cohort.

Identifying and planning treatment for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) using telemedicine is becoming increasingly ubiquitous, necessitating a grading system to help caretakers of at-risk infants gauge disease severity. The modified ROP Activity Scale (mROP-ActS) factors zone, stage, and plus disease into its scoring system, addressing the need for assessing ROP's totality of binocular burden via indirect ophthalmoscopy. However, there is an unmet need for an alternative score which could facilitate ROP identification and gauge disease improvement or deterioration specifically on photographic telemedicine exams.

Endoscopic enucleation and clinicopathologic correlation of a small choroidal melanoma hiding massive extrascleral extension.

Purpose: To report the unusual case of a previously stable choroidal nevus, closely followed for over 15 years, which underwent malignant transformation into small choroidal melanoma with massive extrascleral extension.

Observations: A 67-year-old Caucasian female was referred to the Stanford Ocular Oncology Service with concern for malignant transformation of a previously stable choroidal nevus in her left eye. Her funduscopic examination demonstrated a dome-shaped choroidal lesion with overlying associated lipofuscin and subretinal fluid, consistent with a diagnosis of small choroidal melanoma.

Update in Molecular Testing for Intraocular Lymphoma.

The diagnosis of primary vitreoretinal lymphoma and central nervous system lymphoma is challenging. In cases with intraocular involvement, vitreous biopsy plays a pivotal role. Several diagnostic tests are employed to confirm a diagnosis and include cytologic evaluation, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and cytokine analysis.

Genome Sequencing and Apoptotic Markers to Assess Treatment Response of Lacrimal Gland Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma to Intra-Arterial Cytoreductive Chemotherapy.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lacrimal gland is an aggressive, malignant epithelial neoplasm. We report the case of a 30-year-old male with lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma treated with neoadjuvant intra-arterial chemotherapy through the internal carotid artery, followed by orbital exenteration and chemoradiation. Treatment response was evaluated using a novel combination of pre- and posttreatment genome sequencing coupled with immunohistochemical evaluation, which showed diffuse tumor apoptosis.

Stimulating Tear Production: Spotlight on Neurostimulation.

Dry eye disease (DED) affects up to one-third of the global population. Traditional therapies, including topical lubricants, have been employed with variable success in the treatment of DED. Recently, neurostimulation of the lacrimal functional unit (LFU) has emerged as a promising alternative therapy for DED.

Cell-free fetal DNA testing and its correlation with prenatal indications.

Background: The prenatal test of cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) is also known as noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) with high sensitivity and specificity. This study is to evaluate the performance of NIPT and its clinical relevance with various clinical indications.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 14,316 pregnant women with prenatal indications, including advanced maternal age (≥35 years), maternal serum screening abnormalities, the thickened nuchal translucency (≥2.

Germline Mutation Associated with Bilateral Primary Uveal Melanoma.

Purpose: To describe the occurrence of bilateral primary uveal melanoma in 2 patients with mutation on the gene encoding BRCA1-associated protein 1 .

Methods: Retrospective chart review of patients with bilateral primary uveal melanoma and subsequent positive germline mutation.

Results: There were 2 patients with bilateral uveal melanoma and germline positivity.

Malignant transformation of choroidal nevus according to race in 3334 consecutive patients.

Purpose: To evaluate choroidal nevus demographics, clinical features, imaging features, and the rate of transformation into melanoma by race.

Methods: In This Observational Case Series,: There were 3334 participants (3806 choroidal nevi) at a single tertiary-referral center evaluated between January 2, 2007, and August 7, 2017. Retrospective chart and multimodal imaging review was performed.

Retinoblastoma in older patients: A retrospective comparative analysis of 100 consecutive patients based on age.

Purpose: To describe comparative clinical features, treatment, and outcomes of retinoblastoma in patients initially diagnosed at age 4 or older.

Methods: Retrospective case series.

Results: There were 101 eyes in 100 consecutive patients age ≥4 years diagnosed with retinoblastoma.

Photoreceptor morphology and correlation with subretinal fluid chronicity associated with choroidal nevus.

Background: Subretinal fluid (SRF) can be associated with choroidal nevus and can cause progressive change in the morphology of overlying photoreceptors.

Methods: A retrospective observational study was performed using optical coherence tomography to assess nevus and SRF features, as well as photoreceptor morphology over time.

Results: There were 232 choroidal nevi that presented with or developed SRF.

Retinoblastoma vascular perfusion and intra-arterial chemotherapy cycle requirements.

Importance: Retinoblastoma is a life- and sight-threatening malignancy.

Background: To assess the relationship between tumour perfusion and intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) requirements to achieve retinoblastoma control.

Design: Retrospective case series at the Ocular Oncology Service of Wills Eye Hospital (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania).

Nomogram for visual acuity outcome after iodine-125 plaque radiotherapy and prophylactic intravitreal bevacizumab for uveal melanoma in 1131 patients.

Aims: To develop a nomogram for prediction of visual acuity outcome following plaque radiotherapy for uveal melanoma.

Methods: Retrospective review of uveal melanoma treated with plaque radiotherapy and prophylactic intravitreal bevacizumab injections at 4-month intervals for 2 years duration. Two nomograms for poor visual acuity outcome (Snellen <20/200) were developed based on (1) Clinical risk factors.

Precision Intravitreal Chemotherapy for Localized Vitreous Seeding of Retinoblastoma.

Purpose: To describe and evaluate the effectivity of a novel precision intravitreal injection technique for select cases of localized vitreous seeding in retinoblastoma.

Methods: Patients with localized vitreous seeds from retinoblastoma received intravitreal chemotherapy via a precision injection technique (P-IVitC) intended to optimize local delivery of melphalan to target seeds. The needle was inserted trans-pars plana and chemotherapy deposited within 3 mm of the target seed(s) under indirect ophthalmoscopic guidance.

Retinal haemangioblastoma associated with peripheral non-perfusion: widefield fluorescein angiography analysis of 41 cases.

Aims: To investigate the association of peripheral retinal non-perfusion with retinal haemangioblastoma.

Methods: Medical and widefield fluorescein angiography records of patients diagnosed with retinal haemangioblastoma from 1990 to 2018 were reviewed for patient demographics, tumour features, fluorescein angiography features and characteristics of peripheral retinal non-perfusion.

Results: There were 41 eyes of 40 patients with retinal haemangioblastoma imaged by widefield fluorescein angiography during this time period.

CHOROIDAL NEVUS TRANSFORMATION INTO MELANOMA PER MILLIMETER INCREMENT IN THICKNESS USING MULTIMODAL IMAGING IN 2355 CASES: The 2019 Wendell L. Hughes Lecture.

Purpose: To analyze risk of nevus transformation into melanoma per millimeter increment.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of 3,806 choroidal nevi for transformation into melanoma per incremental millimeter thickness (flat [≤1.0 mm], thin [1.

CHOROIDAL NEVUS IMAGING FEATURES IN 3,806 CASES AND RISK FACTORS FOR TRANSFORMATION INTO MELANOMA IN 2,355 CASES: The 2020 Taylor R. Smith and Victor T. Curtin Lecture.

Purpose: To use multimodal imaging for identification of risk factors for choroidal nevus transformation into melanoma.

Methods: Retrospective chart review of 3806 consecutive choroidal nevi with imaging and 2355 choroidal nevi with additional follow up to identify factors predictive of transformation of choroidal nevus into melanoma.

Results: The median patient age was 62.

Combination of multimodal imaging features predictive of choroidal nevus transformation into melanoma.

Aim: To characterise combinations of multimodal imaging risk factors and predictive value for choroidal nevus transformation into melanoma.

Methods: This is a retrospective review of multimodal imaging features for 3806 choroidal nevi from 1 January 2007 through 1 January 2017. Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox regression analyses were used to calculate 5-year percentages of growth to melanoma and HR.