Funding Community Health Activities: An Experiment Comparing Health Foundation's Priorities to Those of Public Health Agencies, Hospitals, and Nonprofit Organizations.

Context: Health foundations provide significant financial resources for community health. Foundation priorities, therefore, can play a key role in setting community agenda, but little is known about the criteria foundations use to prioritize projects.

Objective: To understand the priorities that guide decision makers in health foundations and compare those priorities with what is known about nonprofit hospitals, public health, and community-based nonprofits.

Electronic Health Records as Biased Tools or Tools Against Bias: A Conceptual Model.

Unlabelled: Policy Points Electronic health records (EHRs) are subject to the implicit bias of their designers, which risks perpetuating and amplifying that bias over time and across users. If left unchecked, the bias in the design of EHRs and the subsequent bias in EHR information will lead to disparities in clinical, organizational, and policy outcomes. Electronic health records can instead be designed to challenge the implicit bias of their users, but that is unlikely to happen unless incentivized through innovative policy.

The Good and Evil of Health Policy: Medicaid Expansion, Republican Governors, and Moral Intuitions.

Using moral foundations theory (MFT), this study analyzes how Republican governors employed moral concepts to either build support or opposition to Medicaid expansion. The study examined statements about Medicaid expansion made by all Republican governors as reported in two large newspapers in each governor's state from 28 June 2012 to 31 December 2018. A slight majority of the statements (183 or 58.

Paradoxes of professional autonomy: a qualitative study of U.S. neonatologists from 1978-2017.

The professional autonomy of physicians often requires they take responsibility for life and death decisions, but they must also find ways to avoid bearing the full weight of such decisions. We conducted in-person, semi-structured interviews with neonatologists (n = 20) in four waves between 1978 and 2017 in a single Midwestern U.S.

Nonprofit Hospital Community Benefit in the U.S.: A Scoping Review From 2010 to 2019.

U.S. nonprofit hospital community benefit recently underwent significant regulatory revisions.

Preferences for bariatric surgery: comparing surgeons and patients using a discrete choice experiment.

Background: Increased attention to shared decision-making is particularly important in bariatric surgery. It is unclear whether the large shift toward sleeve gastrectomy is evidence of good alignment between patient and surgeon preferences.

Objective: To identify surgeon preferences for risks, benefits, and other attributes of treatment options available for bariatric surgery and to compare results with patient preferences.

Low-Value Care and Clinician Engagement in a Large Medicare Shared Savings Program ACO: a Survey of Frontline Clinicians.

Background: Although the Medicare Shared Savings Program (MSSP) created new incentives for organizations to improve healthcare value, Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs) have achieved only modest reductions in the use of low-value care.

Objective: To assess ACO engagement of clinicians and whether engagement was associated with clinicians' reported difficulty implementing recommendations against low-value care.

Design: Cross-sectional survey of ACO clinicians in 2018.

Nonprofit Hospitals' Process for Community Health Improvement: A Qualitative Study of Leading Practices and Missing Links.

Nonprofit hospitals and health systems spend more than $4 billion each year on community health improvement, yet little is known about the internal process that these organizations follow when implementing these efforts. Because of laws governing tax-exempt health care organizations, both the process these hospitals use to identify community health needs and their annual expenditure of community benefit dollars are known. Yet much else about the process of community health improvement is largely unknown.

Priorities for Investing in Community Health Improvement: A Comparison of Decision Makers in Public Health, Nonprofit Hospitals, and Community Nonprofits.

Context: As a result of additional requirements for tax exemption, many nonprofit hospitals have become more actively involved in community health improvement. There is an open question, however, as to how decision makers in hospitals decide which kind of improvement projects should receive priority and how hospital managers' priorities compare with those of decision makers in public health agencies and community-based nonprofits.

Objective: To understand the priorities that guide decision makers in public health, nonprofit hospitals, and community nonprofits when allocating resources to community health projects.

Patient Preferences for Bariatric Surgery: Findings From a Survey Using Discrete Choice Experiment Methodology.

Importance: Surgical options for weight loss vary considerably in risks and benefits, but the relative importance of procedure-associated characteristics in patient decision making is largely unknown.

Objective: To identify patient preferences for risks, benefits, and other attributes of treatment options available to individuals who are candidates for bariatric surgery.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This discrete choice experiment of weight loss procedures was performed as an internet-based survey administered to patients recruited from bariatric surgery information sessions in the State of Michigan.

Short-term volunteer health trips: aligning host community preferences and organizer practices.

Background: Short-term medical missions (STMMs) are quite common and largely understood to be a response to health needs in low-income countries. Yet most information about STMM practices is anecdotal. Even less is known about the preferences of in-country host communities regarding STMMs.

Lactate interferes with ATP release from red blood cells.

Upon exposure to low Po(2), the red blood cells of most species, including humans, release increased amounts of ATP that ultimately serves as a regulator of vascular tone matching oxygen supply with demand. In pathological conditions such as malaria and sepsis, a maldistribution of perfusion exists with its severity often correlated with the extent of elevation of serum lactate frequently in the absence of an alteration in pH. We hypothesized that the increased levels of lactate might impair the ability of red blood cells to appropriately respond to conditions of low Po(2), thus preventing its important blood flow regulatory role.