DNA translocation through graphene nanopores.

We report on DNA translocations through nanopores created in graphene membranes. Devices consist of 1-5 nm thick graphene membranes with electron-beam sculpted nanopores from 5 to 10 nm in diameter. Due to the thin nature of the graphene membranes, we observe larger blocked currents than for traditional solid-state nanopores.

Monolayer suppression of transport imaged in annealed PbSe nanocrystal arrays.

We use correlated electrostatic force, transmission electron, and atomic force microscopy (EFM, TEM, and AFM) to visualize charge transport in monolayers and up to five layers of PbSe nanocrystal arrays drop-cast on electrode devices. Charge imaging reveals that current paths are dependent on the locally varying thickness and continuity of an array. Nanocrystal monolayers show suppressed conduction compared to bilayers and other multilayers, suggesting a departure from linear scaling of conductivity with array thickness.

Controlling nanogap quantum dot photoconductivity through optoelectronic trap manipulation.

Nanoscale devices are being extensively studied for their tunable electronic and optical properties, but the influence of impurities and defects is amplified at these length scales and can lead to poorly understood variations in characteristics of semiconducting materials. By performing a large ensemble of photoconductivity measurements in nanogaps bridged by core-shell CdSe/ZnS semiconductor nanocrystals, we discover optoelectronic methods for affecting solid-state charge trap populations. We introduce a model that unifies previous work and transforms the problem of irreproducibility in nanocrystal electronic properties into a reproducible and robust photocurrent response due to trap state manipulation.

Blinking statistics correlated with nanoparticle number.

We report fluorescence of single semiconductor nanorods (NRs) and few-NR clusters, correlated with transmission electron microscopy for direct determination of the number of NRs present in a single fluorescent source. For samples drop-cast from dilute solutions, we show that the majority of the blinking sources (approximately 75%) are individual NRs while the remaining sources are small clusters consisting of up to 15 NRs. Clusters containing two or three NRs exhibit intermittent fluorescence intensity trajectories, I(t), similar to those of individual NRs.

Sub-10 nm device fabrication in a transmission electron microscope.

We show that a high-resolution transmission electron microscope can be used to fabricate metal nanostructures and devices on insulating membranes by nanosculpting metal films. Fabricated devices include nanogaps, nanodiscs, nanorings, nanochannels, and nanowires with tailored curvatures and multi-terminal nanogap devices with nanoislands or nanoholes between the terminals. The high resolution, geometrical flexibility, and yield make this fabrication method attractive for many applications including nanoelectronics and nanofluidics.

Electric-field-driven accumulation and alignment of CdSe and CdTe nanorods in nanoscale devices.

Local electric fields generated by nanopatterned electrodes were used to control the position and orientation of well-isolated as well as closely packed colloidal semiconducting CdTe and CdSe nanorods (NRs) drop-cast from solution. Postdeposition imaging using transmission-electron microscopy and atomic-force microscopy revealed strong NR alignment to the direction of the applied field and dense accumulation around and onto voltage-biased electrodes when deposited from dilute and concentrated solutions, respectively. The degree of alignment under the applied electric field is characterized by a nematic order parameter S approximately 0.

Clean electromigrated nanogaps imaged by transmission electron microscopy.

Electromigrated nanogaps have shown great promise for use in molecular scale electronics. We have fabricated nanogaps on free-standing transparent SiN(x) membranes which permit the use of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to image the gaps. The electrodes are formed by extending a recently developed controlled electromigration procedure and yield a nanogap with approximately 5 nm separation clear of any apparent debris.

Local charge transport in two-dimensional PbSe nanocrystal arrays studied by electrostatic force microscopy.

Two-dimensional PbSe nanocrystal arrays on silicon nitride membranes were investigated using electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Changes in lattice and transport properties upon annealing in a vacuum were revealed. Local charge transport behavior was directly imaged by EFM and correlated to nanopatterns observed with TEM.