Closed-loop modulation of remote hippocampal representations with neurofeedback.

Humans can remember specific remote events without acting on them and influence which memories are retrieved based on internal goals. However, animal models typically present sensory cues to trigger memory retrieval and then assess retrieval based on action. Thus, it is difficult to determine whether measured neural activity patterns relate to the cue(s), the memory, or the behavior.

Spyglass: a framework for reproducible and shareable neuroscience research.

Scientific progress depends on reliable and reproducible results. Progress can also be accelerated when data are shared and re-analyzed to address new questions. Current approaches to storing and analyzing neural data typically involve bespoke formats and software that make replication, as well as the subsequent reuse of data, difficult if not impossible.

The neural basis of mental navigation in rats.

A brain-machine interface demonstrates volitional control of hippocampal activity.

Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulator in the Active Duty Population: Military Readiness and Satisfaction.

Introduction: Because inadequate sleep impairs mission performance, the U.S. Army regards sleep as a core pillar of soldier readiness.

The Quality of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery Literature over the Last Decade.

Objective: To describe the changes in the quality of the Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (OTOHNS) literature over the last decade, and compare it to other surgical-based fields.

Methods: Based on impact factors, the top eight clinical U.S.

Dysphagia Outcomes Following Surgical Management of Unilateral Vocal Fold Immobility in Children: A Systematic Review.

Objective: To assess dysphagia outcomes following surgical management of unilateral vocal fold immobility in children.

Data Sources: Ovid Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and CENTRAL databases.

Review Methods: A systematic review of the medical literature was performed following the PRISMA guidelines.

Dysphagia Outcomes Following Surgical Management of Unilateral Vocal Fold Immobility: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objective: To assess dysphagia outcomes following surgical management of unilateral vocal fold immobility (UVFI) in adults.

Data Sources: Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central.

Review Methods: A structured literature search was utilized, and a 2-researcher systematic review was performed following PRISMA guidelines.

Hippocampal replay of experience at real-world speeds.

Representations related to past experiences play a critical role in memory and decision-making processes. The rat hippocampus expresses these types of representations during sharp-wave ripple (SWR) events, and previous work identified a minority of SWRs that contain 'replay' of spatial trajectories at ∼20x the movement speed of the animal. Efforts to understand replay typically make multiple assumptions about which events to examine and what sorts of representations constitute replay.

Hippocampal replay reflects specific past experiences rather than a plan for subsequent choice.

Executing memory-guided behavior requires storage of information about experience and later recall of that information to inform choices. Awake hippocampal replay, when hippocampal neural ensembles briefly reactivate a representation related to prior experience, has been proposed to critically contribute to these memory-related processes. However, it remains unclear whether awake replay contributes to memory function by promoting the storage of past experiences, facilitating planning based on evaluation of those experiences, or both.

Laryngotracheal and pharyngoesophageal traumatic injuries from US military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, 2003-2017.

Introduction: Laryngotracheal and pharyngo-oesophageal trauma present military providers with especially difficult, life-threatening challenges. Although effective treatment strategies are crucial, there is no clear consensus. This study of combat injuries from Iraq and Afghanistan describes initial treatment outcomes.

Delayed Facial Palsy After Resection of Vestibular Schwannoma: An Analysis of Long-term Facial Nerve Outcomes.

Objectives: 1) Identify clinical factors associated with delayed facial palsy (DFP) after microsurgical resection of vestibular schwannoma. 2) Determine whether DFP predicts worse facial nerve (FN) outcomes.

Methods: Adult patients (≥18 yrs) who underwent vestibular schwannoma resection between February 2008 and December 2017 were retrospectively reviewed.

DNA Adductomics by mass tag prelabeling.

Rationale: As a new approach to DNA adductomics, we directly reacted intact, double-stranded (ds)-DNA under warm conditions with an alkylating mass tag followed by analysis by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. This method is based on the tendency of adducted nucleobases to locally disrupt the DNA structure (forming a "DNA bubble") potentially increasing exposure of their nucleophilic (including active hydrogen) sites for preferential alkylation. Also encouraging this strategy is that the scope of nucleotide excision repair is very broad, and this system primarily recognizes DNA bubbles.

Sine Qua Non: Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma.

Inverted papilloma (IP) is a common proliferation of squamous epithelial cells of the sinonasal tract. Although considered benign, IP is known to cause local destruction, has a high rate of recurrence, and a low, but significant rate of malignant transformation. Differentiating an IP from its histologic mimickers is essential for appropriate risk stratification and long-term surveillance.

Serious Inhalation Injuries From Military Operations in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Syria.

Objective: To characterize serious inhalation injuries seen during recent military operations, and assess whether bronchoscopic severity findings were associated with clinical presentation and outcomes.

Methods: Service members who suffered inhalation injuries while deployed to Iraq, Afghanistan, or Syria from 2001-2018 were identified using ICD-9 and 10 codes from the Expeditionary Medical Encounter Database (EMED), which is abstracted from patient records in forward-deployed medical facilities. Further information including demographics, mechanism of injury, mortality, total burn surface area (TBSA), degree of facial burn, total Injury Severity Score (ISS), and first post-injury bronchoscopy notes were collected.

Jettison-MS of Nucleic Acid Species.

While MALDI-MS of intact genomic DNA is unheard of, actually many DNA adducts can be detected in this way under certain MALDI conditions: relatively high molar ratio of DNA nucleobases to matrix (0.01 to 0.3), hot matrix (CCA), and high laser fluence.

Comparative cost of transoral robotic surgery and radiotherapy (IMRT) in early stage tonsil cancer.

Purpose: To compare treatment costs and cost-effectiveness for transoral robotic surgery (TORS) and definitive intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in managing early stage tonsil cancer.

Materials And Methods: Direct treatment costs for surgery and IMRT were calculated from SEER-Medicare data for a cohort with clinically early stage (cT1/2N0) p16+ tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma from Kaiser Permanente Southern California Health Plan between 2012 and 2017. A Markov decision tree model with a 5-year time horizon was then applied to the cohort which incorporated costs associated with treatment, surveillance, and recurrence.

Prevalence, Characteristics and Impact of Dysphonia in US Marine Corps Drill Instructors.

Importance: Prior studies have evaluated various populations at increased risk of voice impairment. However, minimal data is available for military Drill Instructors, a population known to have significant vocal demands.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of subjective, perceptual, and objective dysphonia in this population and to evaluate contributing factors and impact on job performance.

Linked-read analysis identifies mutations in single-cell DNA-sequencing data.

Whole-genome sequencing of DNA from single cells has the potential to reshape our understanding of mutational heterogeneity in normal and diseased tissues. However, a major difficulty is distinguishing amplification artifacts from biologically derived somatic mutations. Here, we describe linked-read analysis (LiRA), a method that accurately identifies somatic single-nucleotide variants (sSNVs) by using read-level phasing with nearby germline heterozygous polymorphisms, thereby enabling the characterization of mutational signatures and estimation of somatic mutation rates in single cells.

Intracranial complications of pediatric sinusitis: Identifying risk factors associated with prolonged clinical course.

Objective: Intracranial extension is one of the most serious and morbid complications of pediatric sinusitis. Managing this complication continues to be challenging even after widespread pneumococcal vaccination adoption. We aim to identify risk factors associated with complicated clinical courses, and to assess for altering microbial communities and increased antibiotic resistance.

The ESCRT-III Protein CHMP1A Mediates Secretion of Sonic Hedgehog on a Distinctive Subtype of Extracellular Vesicles.

Endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) complex proteins regulate biogenesis and release of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which enable cell-to-cell communication in the nervous system essential for development and adult function. We recently showed human loss-of-function (LOF) mutations in ESCRT-III member CHMP1A cause autosomal recessive microcephaly with pontocerebellar hypoplasia, but its mechanism was unclear. Here, we show Chmp1a is required for progenitor proliferation in mouse cortex and cerebellum and progenitor maintenance in human cerebral organoids.

Squamous Cell Papillomatosis in the Setting of Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis.

A 23 year old male presented to the Otolaryngology clinic with 6 months of hoarseness and poor voice projection without improvement from speech therapy or medical anti-reflux medication. Upon examination he was found to have multiple polypoid lesions emanating from bilateral false vocal folds, left true vocal fold, and the anterior commissure. Biopsy and potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) laser ablation with bevacizumab injection provided treatment and confirmed the clinical suspicion of squamous cell papilloma.

Aging and neurodegeneration are associated with increased mutations in single human neurons.

It has long been hypothesized that aging and neurodegeneration are associated with somatic mutation in neurons; however, methodological hurdles have prevented testing this hypothesis directly. We used single-cell whole-genome sequencing to perform genome-wide somatic single-nucleotide variant (sSNV) identification on DNA from 161 single neurons from the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of 15 normal individuals (aged 4 months to 82 years), as well as 9 individuals affected by early-onset neurodegeneration due to genetic disorders of DNA repair (Cockayne syndrome and xeroderma pigmentosum). sSNVs increased approximately linearly with age in both areas (with a higher rate in hippocampus) and were more abundant in neurodegenerative disease.

PaSD-qc: quality control for single cell whole-genome sequencing data using power spectral density estimation.

Single cell whole-genome sequencing (scWGS) is providing novel insights into the nature of genetic heterogeneity in normal and diseased cells. However, the whole-genome amplification process required for scWGS introduces biases into the resulting sequencing that can confound downstream analysis. Here, we present a statistical method, with an accompanying package PaSD-qc (Power Spectral Density-qc), that evaluates the properties and quality of single cell libraries.

Integrated genome and transcriptome sequencing identifies a noncoding mutation in the genome replication factor as the cause of microcephaly-micromelia syndrome.

While next-generation sequencing has accelerated the discovery of human disease genes, progress has been largely limited to the "low hanging fruit" of mutations with obvious exonic coding or canonical splice site impact. In contrast, the lack of high-throughput, unbiased approaches for functional assessment of most noncoding variants has bottlenecked gene discovery. We report the integration of transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq), which surveys all mRNAs to reveal functional impacts of variants at the transcription level, into the gene discovery framework for a unique human disease, microcephaly-micromelia syndrome (MMS).