Effectiveness and Duration of Effect of Open-Label Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate in Adults With ADHD.

Objectives: (a) Evaluate the efficacy and duration of effect of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) in adult ADHD. (b) Assess the reliability and validity of the Adult ADHD Medication Smoothness of Effect Scale (AMSES) and Adult ADHD Medication Rebound Scale (AMRS).

Method: Adults ( N = 40) with ADHD were treated with LDX for up to 12 weeks.

Medication adherence and symptom reduction in adults treated with mixed amphetamine salts in a randomized crossover study.

Objectives: The study objectives were to 1) evaluate medication adherence for adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) treated with 3 times daily (TID) mixed amphetamine salts immediate release (MAS IR) versus once-daily (qAM) MAS extended release (MAS XR) in a randomized, crossover study; and 2) to examine the associations between adherence and efficacy for MAS IR and MAS XR.

Methods: Sixty-two adults with ADHD were enrolled and 49 completed the study. The treatment condition order (TID-qAM or qAM-TID) was counterbalanced across participants, with an intervening washout period of ≥ 7 days.

Comparing acute toxicity of first- and second-generation antipsychotic drugs: a 10-year, retrospective cohort study.

Objective: Second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) are far more commonly used in the United States compared to first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs), but the relative safety of SGAs compared to FGAs following acute toxic ingestions has not been studied.

Method: A retrospective cohort study was performed by chart review of the California Poison Control System electronic database of 1975 cases from the 10-year period 1997 to 2006 involving patients aged 18 to 65 years who ingested a single SGA or FGA. Cases were coded for overall severity of adverse outcome as defined by the American Association of Poison Control Centers criteria and for presence of specific symptoms and treatments.

Acute quetiapine overdose in adults: a 5-year retrospective case series.

Study Objective: To describe clinical effects and outcome after acute quetiapine overdose in adults and compare these with overdose by all other antipsychotic drugs as a group.

Methods: We performed a 5-year (2002 to 2006) retrospective case series by chart review of the California Poison Control System database for adult patients with acute ingestion of quetiapine. Patients with coingestants were excluded.

Contributions of the prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia to set shifting.

Impairments of set shifting have been associated with damage to both the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and to the basal ganglia. The purpose of these experiments was to determine whether damage to the PFC was associated with shifting impairments per se or whether any switching deficits could be attributed to a reduction of working memory capacity. In contrast, shifting impairments were expected for Parkinson patients regardless of memory load, given that these patients seem to have no cognitive deficits other than when having to shift set.