Robotic partial nephrectomy: Indications, patient selection, and setup for success.

Robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) has readily become the benchmark treatment of small renal masses (SRMs). The management of SRMs is focused on preserving renal function and limiting the morbidity of a traditional open operation, thus greatly impacting overall prognosis and long-term survival. Indications and techniques have evolved over the last 2 decades.

Anti-Androgen Therapy Overcomes the Time Delay in Initiation of Salvage Radiation Therapy and Rescues the Oncological Outcomes in Men with Recurrent Prostate Cancer After Radical Prostatectomy: A Post Hoc Analysis of the RTOG-9601 Trial Data.

Background: It is unknown whether the addition of anti-androgen therapy (AAT) to late salvage radiation therapy (sRT) can lead to oncological outcomes equivalent to that of early sRT in men with recurrent prostate cancer (CaP) after surgery.

Methods: Data on 670 men who participated in the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG)-9601 trial and who experienced biochemical recurrence were extracted using the National Clinical Trials Network (NCTN) data archive platform. Patients were stratified into four treatment groups: early sRT (pre-sRT prostate-specific antigen [PSA] < 0.

PO2 cycling reduces diaphragm fatigue by attenuating ROS formation.

Prolonged muscle exposure to low PO2 conditions may cause oxidative stress resulting in severe muscular injuries. We hypothesize that PO2 cycling preconditioning, which involves brief cycles of diaphragmatic muscle exposure to a low oxygen level (40 Torr) followed by a high oxygen level (550 Torr), can reduce intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as attenuate muscle fatigue in mouse diaphragm under low PO2. Accordingly, dihydrofluorescein (a fluorescent probe) was used to monitor muscular ROS production in real time with confocal microscopy during a lower PO2 condition.

Sexually transmitted infections among incarcerated women: findings from a decade of screening in a Los Angeles County Jail, 2002-2012.

Objectives: We describe and report findings from a screening program to identify sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV among female inmates in Los Angeles County Jail.

Methods: Chlamydia and gonorrhea screening was offered to entering female inmates. Women were eligible if they were (1) aged 30 years or younger, or (2) pregnant or possibly pregnant, or (3) booked on prostitution or sex-related charges.

Prevalence and factors associated with Trichomonas vaginalis infection among high-risk women in Los Angeles.

Remnant specimen from 1215 women screening for chlamydia/gonorrhea at 4 different venue types (sexually transmitted disease clinics, home-test kit users, juvenile and adult detention) in Los Angeles, California, were tested for Trichomonas vaginalis. Prevalence of T. vaginalis varied by screening population, and concurrent chlamydia or gonorrhea was independently associated with T.

Low Po₂ conditions induce reactive oxygen species formation during contractions in single skeletal muscle fibers.

Contractions in whole skeletal muscle during hypoxia are known to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS); however, identification of real-time ROS formation within isolated single skeletal muscle fibers has been challenging. Consequently, there is no convincing evidence showing increased ROS production in intact contracting fibers under low Po₂ conditions. Therefore, we hypothesized that intracellular ROS generation in single contracting skeletal myofibers increases during low Po₂ compared with a value approximating normal resting Po₂.

Strategies used in the detection of acute/early HIV infections. The NIMH Multisite Acute HIV Infection Study: I.

Acute/early HIV infection plays a critical role in onward HIV transmission. Detection of HIV infections during this period provides an important early opportunity to offer interventions which may prevent further transmission. In six US cities, persons with acute/early HIV infection were identified using either HIV RNA testing of pooled sera from persons screened HIV antibody negative or through clinical referral of persons with acute or early infections.

Sexually transmitted infections and HIV prevalence among incarcerated men who have sex with men, 2000-2005.

Objective: : Screening incarcerated populations, particularly men who have sex with men (MSM), for the identification, treatment, and prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STI) and HIV provides an effective way to access a hard-to-reach, high-risk population.

Goal: : To describe findings from a screening program designed to identify STIs and HIV among incarcerated MSM.

Study Design: : The Los Angeles County Sexually Transmitted Disease Program implemented a voluntary HIV and STI screening program in the segregated MSM unit of the Los Angeles County Men's Jail in March 2000.

Prognostic factors following curative resection for pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a population-based, linked database analysis of 396 patients.

Objective: To analyze prognostic factors influencing pancreatic cancer survival following curative resection, using prospectively collected, population-based data.

Summary Background Data: Several studies have analyzed the determinants of long-term survival in postresection pancreatic cancer patients, but the majority of these have been single-institutional chart reviews yielding inconsistent results.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study examined 396 Medicare-eligible patients over age 65 who were diagnosed with nonmetastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma and who underwent surgical resection with curative intent while residing in one of the 11 Survival, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registries between January 1991 and December 1996.