Genome-wide chromosome architecture prediction reveals biophysical principles underlying gene structure.

Classical observations suggest a connection between 3D gene structure and function, but testing this hypothesis has been challenging due to technical limitations. To explore this, we developed epigenetic highly predictive heteromorphic polymer (e-HiP-HoP), a model based on genome organization principles to predict the 3D structure of human chromatin. We defined a new 3D structural unit, a "topos," which represents the regulatory landscape around gene promoters.

Multiphase field model of cells on a substrate: From three dimensional to two dimensional.

Multiphase field models have emerged as an important computational tool for understanding biological tissue while resolving single-cell properties. While they have successfully reproduced many experimentally observed behaviors of living tissue, the theoretical underpinnings have not been fully explored. We show that a two-dimensional version of the model, which is commonly employed to study tissue monolayers, can be derived from a three-dimensional version in the presence of a substrate.

An international survey on retinopathy of prematurity practice patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic and lessons for future management.

Purpose: To assess retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) practice patterns during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic.

Methods: A survey on ROP practice patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic was sent to the American Academy of Ophthalmic Executives, the International Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Council members, and to various national societies on May 19, 2020. The survey closed on the 31st of June 2020.

Intercellular friction and motility drive orientational order in cell monolayers.

Spatiotemporal patterns in multicellular systems are important to understanding tissue dynamics, for instance, during embryonic development and disease. Here, we use a multiphase field model to study numerically the behavior of a near-confluent monolayer of deformable cells with intercellular friction. Varying friction and cell motility drives a solid-liquid transition, and near the transition boundary, we find the emergence of local nematic order of cell deformation driven by shear-aligning cellular flows.

Dorsal root ganglion stimulation for patients with chronic pelvic pain: A retrospective review of patient experiences and long-term outcomes.

Introduction: Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is a refractory condition that has physical, emotional, and financial impacts on patients. Dorsal root ganglion stimulation (DRGS) is a promising interventional modality for patients with refractory CPP, however studies of long-term outcomes are limited. We aim to present the results from a retrospective review of 31 patients with CPP treated using DRGS.

The HEALthy Brain and Child Development Study (HBCD): NIH collaboration to understand the impacts of prenatal and early life experiences on brain development.

The human brain undergoes rapid development during the first years of life. Beginning in utero, a wide array of biological, social, and environmental factors can have lasting impacts on brain structure and function. To understand how prenatal and early life experiences alter neurodevelopmental trajectories and shape health outcomes, several NIH Institutes, Centers, and Offices collaborated to support and launch the HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) Study.

Combinatorics and topological weights of chromatin loop networks.

Polymer physics models suggest that chromatin spontaneously folds into loop networks with transcription units (TUs), such as enhancers and promoters, as anchors. Here we use combinatoric arguments to enumerate the emergent chromatin loop networks, both in the case where TUs are labeled and where they are unlabeled. We then combine these mathematical results with those of computer simulations aimed at finding the inter-TU energy required to form a target loop network.

Cardiac power output ratio: Novel survival predictor after percutaneous ventricular assist device in cardiogenic shock.

Aims: Currently, there is limited data on prognostic indicators after insertion of percutaneous ventricular assist device (PVAD) in the treatment of cardiogenic shock (CS). This study evaluated the prognostic role of cardiac power output (CPO) ratio, defined as CPO at 24 h divided by early CPO (30 min to 2 h), in CS patients after PVAD.

Methods And Results: Consecutive CS patients from the QEH-PVAD Registry were followed up for survival at 90 days after PVAD.

Topological Spectra and Entropy of Chromatin Loop Networks.

The 3D folding of a mammalian gene can be studied by a polymer model, where the chromatin fiber is represented by a semiflexible polymer which interacts with multivalent proteins, representing complexes of DNA-binding transcription factors and RNA polymerases. This physical model leads to the natural emergence of clusters of proteins and binding sites, accompanied by the folding of chromatin into a set of topologies, each associated with a different network of loops. Here, we combine numerics and analytics to first classify these networks and then find their relative importance or statistical weight, when the properties of the underlying polymer are those relevant to chromatin.

Use of an Artificial Intelligence-Generated Vascular Severity Score Improved Plus Disease Diagnosis in Retinopathy of Prematurity.

Purpose: To evaluate whether providing clinicians with an artificial intelligence (AI)-based vascular severity score (VSS) improves consistency in the diagnosis of plus disease in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

Design: Multireader diagnostic accuracy imaging study.

Participants: Eleven ROP experts, 9 of whom had been in practice for 10 years or more.

Panretinal handheld OCT angiography for pediatric retinal imaging.

Comprehensive visualization of retina morphology is essential in the diagnosis and management of retinal diseases in pediatric populations. Conventional imaging techniques often face challenges in effectively capturing the peripheral retina, primarily due to the limitations in current optical designs, which lack the necessary field of view to characterize the far periphery. To address this gap, our study introduces a novel ultra-widefield optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) system.

Retrograde closure of post-infarct ventricular septal rupture to avoid moderator band entanglement.

A 63-year-old man presented with delayed inferior ST-elevation myocardial infarction complicated with ventricular septal rupture (VSR). He developed cardiogenic shock and respiratory failure requiring intubation and Impella (Abiomed) support.

Isolated Retinal Neovascularization in Retinopathy of Prematurity: Clinical Associations and Prognostic Implications.

Objective: Isolated retinal neovascularization (IRNV) is a common finding in patients with stage 2 and 3 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). This study aimed to further classify the clinical course and significance of these lesions (previously described as "popcorn" based on clinical appearance) in patients with ROP as visualized with ultrawidefield OCT (UWF-OCT).

Design: Single center, retrospective case series.

Multinational External Validation of Autonomous Retinopathy of Prematurity Screening.

Importance: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of blindness in children, with significant disparities in outcomes between high-income and low-income countries, due in part to insufficient access to ROP screening.

Objective: To evaluate how well autonomous artificial intelligence (AI)-based ROP screening can detect more-than-mild ROP (mtmROP) and type 1 ROP.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This diagnostic study evaluated the performance of an AI algorithm, trained and calibrated using 2530 examinations from 843 infants in the Imaging and Informatics in Retinopathy of Prematurity (i-ROP) study, on 2 external datasets (6245 examinations from 1545 infants in the Stanford University Network for Diagnosis of ROP [SUNDROP] and 5635 examinations from 2699 infants in the Aravind Eye Care Systems [AECS] telemedicine programs).

Hidden Flaws Behind Expert-Level Accuracy of Multimodal GPT-4 Vision in Medicine.

Recent studies indicate that Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4 with Vision (GPT-4V) outperforms human physicians in medical challenge tasks. However, these evaluations primarily focused on the accuracy of multi-choice questions alone. Our study extends the current scope by conducting a comprehensive analysis of GPT-4V's rationales of image comprehension, recall of medical knowledge, and step-by-step multimodal reasoning when solving (NEJM) Image Challenges - an imaging quiz designed to test the knowledge and diagnostic capabilities of medical professionals.