Motor competence of children in Singapore using Movement ABC-2 test.

Introduction: The Movement Assessment Battery for Children, 2nd Edition (MABC-2) test is a valuable tool for identifying motor delays in children globally. However, there has been a lack of data for children in Singapore.

Methods: This study compared 175 children in Singapore (SG) aged 3-6 years to MABC-2 data based on the United Kingdom (UK) population, using statistical tests to analyze age, country, and gender effects on motor competence.

The Impact of Digital Devices on Children's Health: A Systematic Literature Review.

Background: The impact of prolonged digital device exposure on physical and mental health in children has been widely investigated by the scientific community. Additionally, the lockdown periods due to the COVID-19 pandemic further exposed children to screen time for e-learning activities. The aim of this systematic review (PROSPERO Registration: CRD42022315596) was to evaluate the effect of digital device exposure on children's health.

An Online Resource for Monitoring 24-Hour Activity in Children and Adolescents: Observational Analysis.

Background: The Singapore integrated 24-hour activity guide for children and adolescents was introduced to promote healthy lifestyle behaviors, including physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep, and diet, to enhance metabolic health and prevent noncommunicable diseases. To support the dissemination and implementation of these recommendations, a user-friendly online resource was created to help children and adolescents adopt these behaviors in Singapore.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the acceptability of the online resource in the adoption of healthier lifestyle behaviors, and the change in the users' behaviors with the use of this online resource.

Associations between sedentary types, sedentary patterns and cognitive ability in preschool children.

Unlabelled: The preschool years are a critical period for developing cognitive abilities such as reasoning, memorization, comprehension, quick thinking, and problem-solving. Sedentary behavior (SB) is known to be associated with cognitive development in preschool children. However, limited research has focused on how different types of SB (active, passive) and sedentary patterns (bouts, breaks) affect preschool children's cognitive abilities.

Effects of replacing sedentary time with alterations in physical activity or sleep on mood states in Chinese young adults during the pandemic.

Background: Poor mood states pose the most frequent mental health, creating a considerable burden to global public health. Sedentary behavior is an essential factor affecting mood states, however, previous measures to reduce sedentary time in Chinese young adults have focused only on increasing physical activity (PA). Sedentary, PA, and sleep make up a person's day from the standpoint of time use.

Variable importance analysis with interpretable machine learning for fair risk prediction.

Machine learning (ML) methods are increasingly used to assess variable importance, but such black box models lack stability when limited in sample sizes, and do not formally indicate non-important factors. The Shapley variable importance cloud (ShapleyVIC) addresses these limitations by assessing variable importance from an ensemble of regression models, which enhances robustness while maintaining interpretability, and estimates uncertainty of overall importance to formally test its significance. In a clinical study, ShapleyVIC reasonably identified important variables when the random forest and XGBoost failed to, and generally reproduced the findings from smaller subsamples (n = 2500 and 500) when statistical power of the logistic regression became attenuated.

Consensus statement on Singapore integrated 24-hour activity guide for early childhood.

Introduction: Early childhood is a critical period for growth and development. Adopting healthy lifestyle behaviours during this period forms the foundation for future well-being and offers the best protection against non-communicable diseases. Singapore studies have shown that many young children are not achieving the recommendations on physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep.

Isotemporal substitution of accelerometer-derived sedentary behavior and physical activity on physical fitness in young children.

This study investigates the effects of different types of physical activity (PA) on the physical fitness (PF) of young children in Japan, with a particular focus on how substituting sedentary behavior (SB) with active behaviors influences PF. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 1843 participants aged 3-6 years from northeastern Japan. Using triaxial accelerometers, we quantified PA, and PF was assessed via standardized tests.

Precooling via immersion in CO-enriched water at 25°C decreased core body temperature but did not improve 10-km cycling time trial in the heat.

This study compared the effects of precooling via whole-body immersion in 25°C CO-enriched water (COWI), 25°C unenriched water (WI) or no cooling (CON) on 10-km cycling time trial (TT) performance. After 30 min of precooling (COWI, CON, WI) in a randomized, crossover manner, 11 male cyclists/triathletes completed 30-min submaximal cycling (65%VO), followed by 10-km TT in the heat (35°C, 65% relative humidity). Average power output and performance time during TT were similar between conditions ( = 0.

A pilot randomised controlled trial exploring the feasibility and efficacy of a human-AI sleep coaching model for improving sleep among university students.

Objective: Sleep quality is a crucial concern, particularly among youth. The integration of health coaching with question-answering (QA) systems presents the potential to foster behavioural changes and enhance health outcomes. This study proposes a novel human-AI sleep coaching model, combining health coaching by peers and a QA system, and assesses its feasibility and efficacy in improving university students' sleep quality.

Machine learning prediction of refractory ventricular fibrillation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest using features available to EMS.

Background: Shock-refractory ventricular fibrillation (VF) or ventricular tachycardia (VT) is a treatment challenge in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). This study aimed to develop and validate machine learning models that could be implemented by emergency medical services (EMS) to predict refractory VF/VT in OHCA patients.

Methods: This was a retrospective study examining adult non-traumatic OHCA patients brought into the emergency department by Singapore EMS from the Pan-Asian Resuscitation Outcomes Study (PAROS) registry.

Promoting hEalthy Diet and Active Lifestyle (PEDAL): a protocol for the development and feasibility study of a multicomponent intervention among primary school children in Singapore.

Background: Setting healthy lifestyle habits during the formative years of childhood is critical as habits can track to adulthood and help prevent obesity and chronic disease risks in later life. While multicomponent interventions have been shown to be effective in changing the lifestyle behaviours of children, there is a limited understanding of the feasibility of such interventions in primary schools in Singapore. A multiphase mixed method study was conducted to develop and examine the feasibility of a theory-based multicomponent school-based intervention-Promoting hEatlthy Eating and Active Lifestyle (PEDAL).

Associations between Parental Educational Attainment, Children's 24-h Behaviors and Children's Hyperactivity Behavior in the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: Parental Educational Attainment and children's 24-h behaviors significantly influenced children's hyperactivity symptoms. This study aimed to examine the mediating role of children's 24-h behavior changes due to the COVID-19 pandemic between Parental Educational Attainment and children's hyperactivity index. It also aimed to investigate the associations between Children's Physical Activity, digital media use, sleep, and hyperactivity index between two clusters of Parental Educational Attainments.

Adherence to 24-hour integrated activity guidelines among infants, toddlers and preschool children in Singapore.

This study examined children's adherence to the Singapore Integrated 24-Hour Activity Guidelines for Early Childhood in infants, toddlers and preschoolers aged 0-6 years. A total of 901 caregivers, comprising 219 infants, 379 toddlers, and 303 preschoolers, provided information regarding their children's physical activity (PA), screen viewing time (SVT), and sleep durations on both weekdays and weekends. Meeting the 24-hour integrated activity guidelines was defined as follows: for infants ≥ 30 minutes per day of tummy time or floor-based play; zero SVT; total sleep of 14-17 hours per day for ages 0-3 months, 12-16 hours per day for ages 4-11 months; for toddlers ≥ 180 minutes of total PA per day; zero SVT under 2 years; <1 hour for ages 2 to less than 3 years; and a total sleep of 11-14 hours per day; for preschoolers ≥ 180 minutes of total PA per day; SVT <1 hour per day; total sleep of 10-13 hours per day for those aged 3-5 years, and 10-11 hours per day for 6-year-olds.

Increasing neurologically intact survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest among elderly: Singapore Experience.

Objectives: With more elderly presenting with Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrests (OHCAs) globally, neurologically intact survival (NIS) should be the aim of resuscitation. We aimed to study the trend of OHCA amongst elderly in a large Asian registry to identify if age is independently associated with NIS and factors associated with NIS.

Methods: All adult OHCAs aged ≥18 years attended by emergency medical services (EMS) from April 2010 to December 2019 in Singapore was extracted from the Pan-Asian Resuscitation Outcomes Study (PAROS) registry.

Prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms among matriculated university students in Singapore during Covid-19 pandemic: findings from a repeated cross-sectional analysis.

Background: Depression is a common issue among university students and has been particularly exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, limited research has specifically focused on depression among university entrants.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression severity and identify associated factors during different phases of the COVID-19 pandemic using health screening questionnaires completed by matriculated university students in Singapore.

Thai Preschoolers' movement behaviors outside kindergarten: prevalence of meeting individual and integrated movement guidelines.

Background: This study aimed to investigate movement behaviors of Thai preschoolers (aged 3-6 years) occurring outside kindergarten in urban areas across Thailand.

Methods: Surveillance of digital Media in eArLy chiLdhood Questionnaire® was used to collect data from 1051 parents recruited from 12 schools. Descriptive statistics and logistic regressions were applied for data analysis.

Adherence to the Singapore Integrated 24-Hour Activity Guidelines by Infants and Toddlers and Its Association With Well-Being.

Background: This study estimated the prevalence of Singapore infants and toddlers who met the new Singapore Integrated 24-Hour Activity Guidelines for Early Childhood and examined its association with well-being.

Methods: A total of 267 parents of children aged between 0 and 2 years completed an online questionnaire that consists of the Singaporean Children Lifestyle Questionnaire and either the Pediatric Quality of Life (PedsQL) Inventory Infant Scale or the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire. Well-being of infants was measured through parent responses to PedsQL and that of toddlers was measured through Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire.

Comparing outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients with initial shockable rhythm in Singapore and Osaka using population-based databases.

Background: Previous research indicated outcomes among refractory out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients with initial shockable rhythm were different in Singapore and Osaka, Japan, possibly due to the differences in access to extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation. However, this previous study had a risk of selection bias. To address this concern, this study aimed to evaluate the outcomes between Singapore and Osaka for OHCA patients with initial shockable rhythm using only population-based databases.

Meeting the WHO 24-h guidelines among 2-6-year-old children by family socioeconomic status before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a repeated cross-sectional study.

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed guidelines for 24-h physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour and sleep for young children. Lower socioeconomic status (SES) has been linked to a lower likelihood of meeting these guidelines. The outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) raised concerns about young children's opportunities to meet the guidelines.

Outcome assessment for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients in Singapore and Japan with initial shockable rhythm.

Background: Singapore and Osaka in Japan have comparable population sizes and prehospital management; however, the frequency of ECPR differs greatly for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients with initial shockable rhythm. Given this disparity, we hypothesized that the outcomes among the OHCA patients with initial shockable rhythm in Singapore were different from those in Osaka. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of OHCA patients with initial shockable rhythm in Singapore compared to the expected outcomes derived from Osaka data using machine learning-based prediction models.

Menstrual cycle characteristics, perceived impact on performance, and barriers to communication: Perspectives of high-performance adolescent athletes in Singapore.

The purpose of this study was to examine the menstrual cycle (MC) characteristics, explore the impact on performance, and identify barriers to and facilitators of MC-related communication among high-performance female adolescent athletes in Singapore. Ninety athletes (15.4 ± 1.

Sleep apnea multi-level surgery trial: long-term observational outcomes.

Study Objectives: The sleep apnea multi-level surgery (SAMS) randomized clinical trial showed surgery improved outcomes at 6 months compared to ongoing medical management in patients with moderate or severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) who failed continuous positive airway pressure therapy. This study reports the long-term outcomes of the multi-level surgery as a case series.

Methods: Surgical participants were reassessed >2 years postoperatively with the same outcomes reported in the main SAMS trial.

24 h Activity Guidelines in Children and Adolescents: A Prevalence Survey in Asia-Pacific Cities.

This study aimed to examine the prevalence of adherence to 24 h activity guidelines in children and adolescents from Asia-Pacific cities. In 1139 children aged 5-18 years, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), screen viewing time (SVT), sleep duration, child weight, height, sex, and age were parent-reported. Descriptive statistics were used to assess the number of guidelines met, and prevalence of adherence to activity guidelines by city and child sex.