A Case of Internal Hernia Presenting 20 Years After Gastric Bypass.

Although rare, internal hernias have an increased incidence of development in patients who have undergone Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. They are difficult to diagnose given their non-specific presentation and lack of externally visible findings, and most cases develop within a few months of the original procedure. In this case report, we present a patient with recent weight loss who developed an internal hernia decades post-bariatric surgery with computed tomography findings showing the classic "mesenteric swirl" sign.

Predictors of Benignity for Small Endophytic Echogenic Renal Masses.

Objectives: To evaluate for distinguishing demographic and sonographic features of small (<3 cm) endophytic angiomyolipomas (AMLs) that differentiate them from endophytic renal cell carcinomas (RCCs).

Methods: This is a Health Insurance Portablitiy and Accountablity Act (HIPAA)-compliant retrospective review of the demographics and ultrasound features of endophytic renal AMLs compared to a group of endophytic RCCs. AMLs were confirmed by identifying macroscopic fat on computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), while RCCs were pathologically proven.

Ultrasound Imaging of Various Ingested Foreign Bodies in an Ex Vivo Intestinal Model.

Objective: Foreign body ingestion is an increasingly prevalent issue for children who are in the preverbal to early verbal stages of life. Foreign bodies lodged in the gastrointestinal tract can cause issues such as obstruction, perforation, and fistulae. Radiographic imaging can often locate most foreign bodies; however, radiolucent objects may be missed.

Cerebrospinal fluid flushing as a means of neuroprotection.

Central nervous system (CNS) injury or disease states are often difficult to treat due to the closed system of the dura mater/blood-brain barrier and the bony skull and vertebrae. The closed system results in at least partial containment of any pro-inflammatory molecules, pathogens, or toxic byproducts in the case of brain or spinal cord lesions, which can result in a destructive feedback loop. Cervical-approach access techniques (lateral C1-C2, suboccipital and lateral atlanto-occipital space punctures) are less-common methods of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sampling due to the relative ease and safety of lumbar spinal taps.

Inguinal Bladder Hernia Indirectly Treated With Prostate Artery Embolization.

An inguinal bladder hernia (IBH) is an abnormal protrusion of the bladder into the inguinal canal accompanied by a peritoneum sheath that creates the hernia sac. Clinical presentations vary greatly from lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and reduction in scrotal size after voiding to being entirely asymptomatic. Since inguinal bladder hernias are uncommon and often accompanied by varied and nonspecific symptoms, it is challenging to diagnose and rarely included in differentials.

Ultrasound evaluation of intraluminal magnets in an ex vivo model.

Purpose: The management of foreign body ingestion proves to be a challenge. Magnets pose a unique set of risks when ingested due to their attractive forces and subsequent risk of adherence, pressure necrosis, and perforation complications. Radiographs only provide a limited snapshot in the setting of multiple magnet ingestion when the risk of complication is highest.

Hematoma Disguised as Cancer.

Hematomas are often associated with benign processes such as sport-related injuries, postsurgical complications, and medications such as blood thinners. Rarely, hematomas can occur spontaneously without any identifiable cause or recollection of an inciting event. Such events can lead to inaccurately diagnosing a patient, which could delay or alter treatment and worsen the patient's prognosis.

Imaging of Hepatobiliary Cancer.

The liver and biliary tree are common sites of primary and secondary malignancies. MRI followed by CT is the mainstay for the imaging characterization of these malignancies with the dynamically acquired contrast enhanced phases being the most important for diagnosis. The liver imaging reporting and data system classification provides a useful framework for reporting lesions in patents with underlying cirrhosis or who are at high risk for developing hepatocellular carcinoma.

Are There Ultrasound Features to Distinguish Small (<3 cm) Peripheral Renal Angiomyolipomas From Renal Cell Carcinomas?

Background: Small echogenic renal masses are usually angiomyolipomas (AMLs), but some renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) can be echogenic and confused with an AML.

Objectives: This is a study to evaluate any distinguishing demographic and sonographic features of small (<3 cm) peripheral AMLs versus peripheral RCCs.

Methods: This is a HIPAA-compliant retrospective review of the demographics and ultrasound features of peripheral renal AMLs compared with a group of peripheral RCCs.

Using FDA-approved drugs as off-label fluorescent dyes for optical biopsies: from in silico design toproof-of-concept.

Optical biopsies bring the microscope to the patient rather than the tissue to the microscope, and may complement or replace the tissue-harvesting component of the traditional biopsy process with its associated risks. In general, optical biopsies are limited by the lack of endogenous tissue contrast and the small number of clinically approveddyes. This study tests multiple FDA-approved drugs that have structural similarity to research dyes as off-labelfluorescent alternatives to standardhematoxylin & eosin tissue stain.

Centrifugation Removes a Population of Large Vesicles, or "Macroparticles," Intermediate in Size to RBCs and Microvesicles.

Microparticles or microvesicles (MPs/MVs) are sub-cellular vesicles with a growing number of known biological functions. Microvesicles from a variety of parent cells within the vascular system increase in numerous pathological states. Red blood cell-derived MVs (RMVs) are relatively less studied than other types of circulating MVs despite red blood cells (RBCs) being the most abundant intravascular cell.

Circulating membrane-derived microvesicles in redox biology.

Microparticles or microvesicles (MVs) are subcellular membrane blebs shed from all cells in response to various stimuli. MVs carry a battery of signaling molecules, many of them related to redox-regulated processes. The role of MVs, either as a cause or as a result of cellular redox signaling, has been increasingly recognized over the past decade.

Calcium-phosphate microprecipitates mimic microparticles when examined with flow cytometry.

There are increased levels of circulating microparticles (MPs) in several disease states. Flow cytometry is a common method to examine MPs, but their small size necessitates the use of markers to distinguish specifically MPs from artifact. Annexin V, which binds phosphatidylserine, is a commonly used marker for MP detection.

Phosphatidylethanolamine is externalized at the surface of microparticles.

Microparticles (MPs) are membrane-bound vesicles shed normally or as a result of various (pathological) stimuli. MPs contain a wealth of bio-active macromolecules. Aminophospholipid phosphatidylserine (PS) is present on the surface of many MPs.