Biomechanical analysis of x-pattern exotropia.

Purpose: To simulate and check the plausibility of the proposed mechanisms of X-pattern exotropia and to determine the least invasive surgical method that can be used to treat the disorder.

Design: Computational supported analysis and retrospective study.

Methods: The oculomotor model SEE++ was used to simulate the effects of the different causes that have been proposed for the X-phenomenon.

Computer-based simulation of the Bielschowsky head-tilt test using the SEE++ software system.

Introduction: Latest measurements of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) allowed the integration of the simulation of the Bielschowsky head-tilt test (BHTT) into the SEE++ software system. SEE++ realizes a biomechanical model of the human eye in order to simulate eye motility disorders and strabismus surgeries. With the addition of the BHTT it can now also be used for differential-diagnostic simulations of complex disorders (e.

Model-based improvements in the treatment of patients with strabismus and axial high myopia.

Purpose: Eye motility disorders with axial high myopia and an enlarged globe are often characterized by a hypotropia of the affected eye, usually referred to as heavy-eye syndrome. Based on an intuitive interpretation of magnetic resonance (MR) images, the cause of the hypotropia has typically been assigned to the rectus muscles. In this study, the hypothesis that the oblique muscles play an important role in the underlying biomechanical disorder of this type of strabismus was investigated.