Releases of subscapularis contracture: an anatomic and clinical study.

Correction of anterior subscapularis contracture is an important step in soft-tissue balancing at the time of total shoulder replacement (TSR). An anatomic and clinical investigation was undertaken to investigate the effect of steps involved in subscapularis release. In 14 cadaveric shoulders studied, the subscapularis insertion consisted of three regions: a thick superior tubular tendon (STT), a flat middle tendon, and an inferior portion where the muscle fibers insert directly into the humerus.

Fractures and tendon injuries of the athletic shoulder.

Athletic injuries in the shoulder range from a routine strain or sprain to a potentially disabling fracture or tendon rupture. The level of sports participation plays an important role in diagnosis and treatment. The nonprofessional athlete may be more likely to sustain injuries secondary to under-training or improper technique.