Public Health.

Background: There are 6.7 million people living with dementia in the United States, and this number is projected to increase as the population ages. The cost of informal care makes up a large proportion of the societal costs of dementia due to the significant care needs associated with the condition.

Societal Costs of Dementia: 204 Countries, 2000-2019.

Background: Dementia prevalence is expected to increase as populations grow and age. Therefore, additional resources will be needed to meet the global demand for care for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD).

Objective: Estimate global and country-level health care spending attributable to ADRD and the cost of informal care for people living with ADRD.

U.S. dementia care spending by state: 2010-2019.

Introduction: Dementia is the fourth largest cause of death for individuals 70 years of age and older in the United States, and it is tremendously costly. Existing estimates of the indirect costs of dementia are dated and do not report on differences across the United States.

Methods: We used data from multiple surveys to create cost estimates and projections for informal dementia caregiving at the U.

The role of trapped bubbles in kidney stone detection with the color Doppler ultrasound twinkling artifact.

The color Doppler ultrasound twinkling artifact, which highlights kidney stones with rapidly changing color, has the potential to improve stone detection; however, its inconsistent appearance has limited its clinical utility. Recently, it was proposed stable crevice bubbles on the kidney stone surface cause twinkling; however, the hypothesis is not fully accepted because the bubbles have not been directly observed. In this paper, the micron or submicron-sized bubbles predicted by the crevice bubble hypothesis are enlarged in kidney stones of five primary compositions by exposure to acoustic rarefaction pulses or hypobaric static pressures in order to simultaneously capture their appearance by high-speed photography and ultrasound imaging.