GnRH agonist-associated pituitary apoplexy: a case series and review of the literature.

Purpose: To examine the clinical presentation and longitudinal outcome of Pituitary Apoplexy (PA) after gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) in a series of patients and compare to prior reports.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on seven patients receiving GnRHa who developed PA. Prior reported cases were analyzed.

Risk Factors for Retinal Detachment: A Case-Control Study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate risk factors for retinal detachment or tear (RD/T), and follow up two studies that found increased risk from work-related heavy lifting.

Methods: We conducted a case-control study including 200 cases of RD/T and 415 controls. Participants completed a questionnaire covering general health, vision, and physical exertion.

Oxygen isotope ratios in primate bone carbonate reflect amount of leaves and vertical stratification in the diet.

The stable isotopic biogeochemistry of free-ranging primates is a unique tool to assess dietary and ecological adaptions among sympatric populations. The present study tested the hypothesis that oxygen isotopes in the bone carbonate of five primate and four ungulate species that live in Kibale National Park, Uganda, would show minimal variability since the species obtain water from a single water source. Bones were analyzed for stable carbon (δ(13) C) and oxygen (δ(18) O) isotope ratios.

Fe(II) uptake on natural montmorillonites. II. Surface complexation modeling.

Fe(II) sorption edges and isotherms have been measured on low structural Fe-content montmorillonite (STx) and high structural Fe-content montmorillonite (SWy) under anoxic (O2 < 0.1 ppm) and strongly reducing conditions (Eh = -0.64 V).

Fe(II) sorption on a synthetic montmorillonite. A combined macroscopic and spectroscopic study.

Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and Mössbauer spectroscopy combined with macroscopic sorption experiments were employed to investigate the sorption mechanism of Fe(II) on an iron-free synthetic montmorillonite (Na-IFM). Batch sorption experiments were performed to measure the Fe(II) uptake on Na-IFM at trace concentrations as a function of pH and as a function of sorbate concentration at pH 6.2 and 6.

Molecular modeling and functional confirmation of a predicted fatty acid binding site of mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase.

Molecular interactions are necessary for proteins to perform their functions. The identification of a putative plasma membrane fatty acid transporter as mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase (mAsp-AT) indicated that the protein must have a fatty acid binding site. Molecular modeling suggests that such a site exists in the form of a 500-Å(3) hydrophobic cleft on the surface of the molecule and identifies specific amino acid residues that are likely to be important for binding.

A spectroscopic characterization and quantification of m(III)/clay mineral outer-sphere complexes.

For the long-term safety assessment of deep radioactive waste repositories an understanding of the interactions of actinides with mineral surfaces at a molecular level is necessary. The retention/mobility of the released radionuclides is strongly dependent on sorption/desorption reactions at mineral surfaces. Thus, a quantitative understanding of the uptake mechanisms of actinides on clay minerals will make an important contribution to long-term safety assessments.

Diffusion of 22Na and 85Sr in montmorillonite: evidence of interlayer diffusion being the dominant pathway at high compaction.

A mechanistic understanding of transport phenomena in compacted clays is essential for the use of such materials as engineered barrier systems for the safe geological disposal of radioactive wastes. The present contribution is a first step in the development of an integrative treatment of the properties of tracer cations in compacted bentonites with respect to diffusion and sorption. The diffusion of 22Na and 85Sr in highly compacted montmorillonite and kaolinite is investigated as a function of the "external salt concentration" (NaClO4), i.

Increased hepatocellular uptake of long chain fatty acids occurs by different mechanisms in fatty livers due to obesity or excess ethanol use, contributing to development of steatohepatitis in both settings.

Long chain fatty acids (LCFA) enter cells by both facilitated transport and diffusion, the former accounting for > or = 90%. Facilitated LCFA transport is up-regulated in adipocytes from obese rats, mice, and humans. To clarify the role of hepatocellular LCFA uptake in hepatic steatosis (fatty liver), [3H]-oleic acid (OA) uptake was studied in hepatocytes isolated from Zucker fatty(Z) and control(C) and ethanol-fed(E) Wistar rats, and demonstrated both saturable and non-saturable components, each a function of the unbound OA concentration ([OAu]).

Lipid metabolism and liver inflammation. I. Hepatic fatty acid uptake: possible role in steatosis.

Hepatic steatosis is a growing public health concern. Nonalcoholic fatty liver is increasingly common in Western societies and may lead to steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis, possibly triggered by lipid peroxidation. The relation of fatty liver to obesity, type II diabetes, and/or metabolic syndrome is significant.

Th uptake on montmorillonite: a powder and polarized extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) study.

The uptake process of Th(IV) onto montmorillonite was studied using powder and polarized-EXAFS (P-EXAFS) spectroscopy. Sorption samples were prepared in 0.1 M NaClO(4) solutions either undersaturated (pH 2 and 3, [Th](initial): 2.

Association between mild vascular cognitive impairment and impaired activities of daily living in older stroke survivors without dementia.

Objectives: To determine the relationship between mild vascular cognitive impairment (mVCI) and functional disability in older stroke survivors without dementia.

Design: Cohort study.

Setting: Stroke patients from representative hospital-based stroke registers.

Anisotropic diffusion in layered argillaceous rocks: a case study with Opalinus Clay.

Anisotropic diffusion was studied in Opalinus Clay, a potential host rock for disposal of spent fuel, vitrified high-level waste, and long-lived intermediate-level waste in Switzerland. Diffusion parallel to the bedding was measured using a radial through-diffusion technique and diffusion perpendicular to the bedding bythe classical (planar) through-diffusion technique. The samples used were from Mont Terri (MT) and from Benken (BE).

Lipid metabolism in hepatic steatosis.

Hepatic steatosis is a consequence of both obesity and ethanol use. Nonalcoholic steatosis (NASH) resemble alcoholic steatosis and steatohepatitis. Both exhibit increased hepatocellular triglycerides(TG), reflecting an increase in long chain fatty acids (LCFA).

White matter hyperintensities are associated with impairment of memory, attention, and global cognitive performance in older stroke patients.

Background: The importance of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) for cognitive performance in older stroke patients is largely unknown. We hypothesized that processing speed and executive dysfunction will be associated with frontal WMH whereas impaired memory will be associated with temporal WMH.

Methods: Neuropsychological assessments using the Cambridge Cognitive Examination (CAMCOG) and the Cognitive Drug Research (CDR) were completed for 96 stroke survivors aged older than 75 and 23 age-matched controls.

Leptin and insulin modulate nutrient partitioning and weight loss in ob/ob mice through regulation of long-chain fatty acid uptake by adipocytes.

Leptin treatment of ob/ob mice leads to weight loss appreciably greater than that in pair-fed mice. To test whether this "extra" weight loss is mediated by leptin-induced alterations in nutrient partitioning, the effects in ob/ob mice of subcutaneous leptin infusion (500 ng/h for View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Porewater chemistry in compacted re-saturated MX-80 bentonite.

Bentonites of various types are being investigated in many countries as backfill materials in high-level radioactive waste disposal concepts. Being able to understand the chemistry of the porewater in compacted bentonite is very important since it is critical to predicting radionuclide solubilities and to the synthesis of sorption data bases, and hence to repository safety studies. In this paper, porewater compositions in compacted bentonites are calculated, taking into consideration such factors as montmorillonite swelling, semi-permeable membrane effects, very low "free water" volumes, and the highly effective buffering characteristics of the exchangeable cations and the amphoteric edge sites.