The COVID-19 Pandemic and Changes in Healthcare Utilization for Pediatric Respiratory and Nonrespiratory Illnesses in the United States.

The impact of COVID-19 public health interventions on pediatric illnesses nationwide is unknown. We performed a multicenter, cross-sectional study of encounters at 44 children's hospitals in the United States to assess changes in healthcare utilization during the pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with substantial reductions in encounters for respiratory diseases; these large reductions were consistent across illness subgroups.

Management and Outcomes in Children with Third-Generation Cephalosporin-Resistant Urinary Tract Infections.

Background: Third-generation cephalosporin-resistant urinary tract infections (UTIs) often have limited oral antibiotic options with some children receiving prolonged parenteral courses. Our objectives were to determine predictors of long parenteral therapy and the association between parenteral therapy duration and UTI relapse in children with third-generation cephalosporin-resistant UTIs.

Methods: We conducted a multisite retrospective cohort study of children <18 years presenting to acute care at 5 children's hospitals and a large managed care organization from 2012 to 2017 with a third-generation cephalosporin-resistant UTI from Escherichia coli or Klebsiella spp.

Clinical Response to Discordant Therapy in Third-Generation Cephalosporin-Resistant UTIs.

Objectives: To describe the initial clinical response and care escalation needs for children with urinary tract infections (UTIs) resistant to third-generation cephalosporins while on discordant antibiotics.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study of children <18 years old presenting to an acute care setting of 5 children's hospitals and a large managed care organization from 2012 to 2017 with third-generation cephalosporin-resistant UTIs (defined as the growth of ≥50 000 colony-forming units per mL of or spp. nonsusceptible to ceftriaxone with a positive urinalysis).

Epidemiology of Cerebrospinal Fluid Cultures and Time to Detection in Term Infants.

Background: Although meningitis is rare in previously healthy term infants, lumbar puncture is often performed to evaluate for source of illness. This study was performed to determine the time to detection for positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cultures and to provide an update on the current epidemiology of bacterial meningitis in term infants.

Methods: This study was a multicenter, retrospective review of positive CSF cultures in infants ≤90 days of age.

Urinary Imaging Findings in Young Infants With Bacteremic Urinary Tract Infection.

Objectives: To describe renal ultrasound (RUS) and voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) findings and determine predictors of abnormal imaging in young infants with bacteremic urinary tract infection (UTI).

Methods: We used retrospective data from a multicenter sample of infants younger than 3 months with bacteremic UTI, defined as the same pathogenic organism in blood and urine. Infants were excluded if they had any major comorbidities, known urologic abnormalities at time of presentation, required intensive unit care, or had no imaging performed.

Bacteraemic urinary tract infection: management and outcomes in young infants.

Objectives: To determine predictors of parenteral antibiotic duration and the association between parenteral treatment duration and relapses in infants <3 months with bacteraemic urinary tract infection (UTI).

Design: Multicentre retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Eleven healthcare institutions across the USA.

Comparative effectiveness of intravenous vs oral antibiotics for postdischarge treatment of acute osteomyelitis in children.

Importance: Postdischarge treatment of acute osteomyelitis in children requires weeks of antibiotic therapy, which can be administered orally or intravenously via a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC). The catheters carry a risk for serious complications, but limited evidence exists on the effectiveness of oral therapy.

Objective: To compare the effectiveness and adverse outcomes of postdischarge antibiotic therapy administered via the PICC or the oral route.

Epidemiology of bacteremia in febrile infants in the United States.

Background: Fever in infants is a common clinical dilemma. The objective of this study was to present data from hospital systems across the northeast, southeast, mid-west, and western United States to identify the pathogens causing bacteremia in febrile infants admitted to general care units.

Methods: This was a retrospective review of positive blood culture results in febrile infants aged ≤90 days admitted to a general care unit across 6 hospital systems.

Intravenous delivery of cysteamine for the treatment of cystinosis: association with hepatotoxicity.

Nephropathic cystinosis is a lysosomal storage disorder, which, if untreated, results in renal failure by age 10 years. Oral cysteamine has been shown to preserve renal function in these patients. In this study, a 2-year-old girl with nephropathic cystinosis and severe gastrointestinal dysmotility was treated with intravenous (i.