Standardized risk and description of results from multivariable modeling of a binary response.

Descriptions of significant associations found from a logistic regression analysis typically are based on adjusted odds ratios. Unfortunately, odds ratios provide no information about the prevalence of response. In this paper, we justify and recommend using standardized risks, i.

Sex differences in birth defects: a study of opposite-sex twins.

Background: Sex differences in structural birth defects are often confounded by environmental risk factors. Opposite-sex twins provide a unique model for detecting sex differences in birth defects while maximally controlling environmental risk factors in a natural setting.

Methods: Population data from the Florida Birth Defects Registry were analyzed.

The risk of birth defects in multiple births: a population-based study.

Objectives: To determine if multiple births have higher risks of birth defects compared to singletons and to identify types of birth defects that occur more frequently in multiple births, controlling for seven sociodemographic and health-related variables.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted of all resident live births in Florida during 1996-2000 using data from a population-based surveillance system. Birth defects were defined as in the 9th edition of the International Classification of Diseases-Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) code for the 42 reportable categories in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Birth Defects Registry list and eight major birth defects classifications.

Risk factors for infant maltreatment: a population-based study.

Context: Of the approximately 900,000 children who were determined to be victims of abuse or neglect by US child protective services in 2002, the birth-to-3 age group had the highest rate of victimization (1.6%) and children younger than 1 accounted for the largest percentage of victims (9.6%).

Maternal and infant factors associated with excess kindergarten costs.

Objective: To estimate the excess educational costs at kindergarten from infant and maternal factors that are reported routinely at birth.

Methods: Birth and school records were analyzed for all children who were born in Florida between September 1, 1990, and August 31, 1991, and entered kindergarten from 1996 through 1999 (N = 120,554). Outcome measure was cost to state, derived from base allocation for students in regular classrooms plus multiplier weights for those who were assigned to 8 mutually exclusive special education categories or who repeated kindergarten.

A population-based study of the effects of birth weight on early developmental delay or disability in children.

Improving medical treatment of extremely low-birth-weight infants over the last 20 to 30 years resulted in increased survival rates. The developmental sequela of salvaged infants is of great interest to perinatologists. The primary purposes of the current study were to assess the effect of birth weight (BW) on developmental delay or disability (DDD) in the first three years of life and determine whether there is a BW threshold below which all infants should be evaluated to determine if intervention services for children with DDD should be received.

A risk assessment screening test for very low birth weight.

Objectives: To develop a risk-assessment screening tool for very low birth weight (VLBW) and to compare our empirically derived tool to the nonempirically derived screening tool used by the State of Florida.

Methods: Birth records from the State of Florida Vital Statistics between 04/01/92 and 12/07/94 were matched with State Healthy Start prenatal records, reported from 04/01/92 through 03/31/94. Known and additional potentially important risk factors were identified from both sources.