Intra-operative neuromonitoring in paediatric spinal deformity surgery: a retrospective single-centre experience.

Introduction: Intra-operative neuromonitoring including somatosensory evoked potentials, motor evoked potentials, and electromyography, have replaced the Stagnara wake-up test to allow early detection of neurological change during paediatric spinal deformity surgery. It is important for surgeons to recognize alerts triggered by loss of these potentials and act accordingly to prevent iatrogenic neurological damage intra-operatively. This study was conducted to determine the sensitivity and specificity of neuromonitoring alerts in paediatric spinal deformity correction surgery.

Perioperative Care of Children with Severe Neurological Impairment and Neuromuscular Scoliosis-.

Neuromuscular scoliosis is a common feature in children with severe neurological impairment (SNI), including those with severe cerebral palsy. Surgical correction of scoliosis is the mainstay of treatment. This group of patients also have associated medical complexity.

The reliability of the AOSpine Thoracolumbar Spine Injury Classification System in children: an international validation study.

Purpose: To evaluate the AOSpine Thoracolumbar Spine Injury Classification System and if it is reliable and reproducible when applied to the paediatric population globally.

Methods: A total of 12 paediatric orthopaedic surgeons were asked to review MRI and CT imaging of 25 paediatric patients with thoracolumbar spine traumatic injuries, in order to determine the classification of the lesions observed. The evaluators classified injuries into primary categories: A, B and C.

Epidemiology of scoliosis in cerebral palsy: A population-based study at skeletal maturity.

Aim: This study investigated the prevalence of scoliosis in a large, population-based cohort of individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) at skeletal maturity to identify associated risk factors that may inform scoliosis surveillance.

Methods: Young people with CP born between 1990 and 1992 were reviewed through routine orthopaedic review or a transition clinic. Classification of CP was recorded by movement disorder, distribution, gross and fine motor function.

Implementation of an enhanced recovery pathway in Australia after posterior spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis delivers improved outcomes.

Purpose: Traditionally, spinal surgery for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) has seen long hospital length of stay (LOS) and slow mobility progression. Postoperative enhanced recovery pathways (ERP) for this population in North America and Asia have successfully reduced LOS and hospital costs without increasing complications. This study assessed if ERP introduced in an Australian center achieves similar results.

Massive Enhancement of Optical Transmission across a Thin Metal Film via Wave Vector Matching in Grating-Coupled Surface Plasmon Resonance.

We demonstrate how distinct surface plasmon resonance modes on opposite sides of a metal-coated grating can be coupled across the metal film. This coupling occurs by matching the resonance conditions on each side of the grating by tuning the refractive index directly adjacent to the metal film. In the first example, we deposited a high refractive index layer of tin oxide on top of the grating to red-shift the front side surface plasmon until it coupled with the backside surface plasmon across a semitransparent ∼45 nm thin silver grating.

Instagram as a Vehicle for Education: What Radiology Educators Need to Know.

Since its inception in 2010, Instagram has rapidly grown into one of the world's largest social media forums, with over 700 million registered users. In the field of medicine, Instagram has been used for professional development and is also being added to the armamentarium of social media vehicles for education. Utilization of Instagram for medical education lags behind Facebook and Twitter, as many educators may not recognize the potential role.

MDCT Angiography With 3D Rendering: A Novel Cinematic Rendering Algorithm for Enhanced Anatomic Detail.

Objective: The two most widely used postprocessing 3D tools in clinical practice are volume rendering (VR) and maximum intensity projection (MIP). With the use of current-generation MDCT, these techniques enable accurate characterization of arterial anatomy and pathology in all anatomic regions. Recently, the VR algorithm has been enhanced by the incorporation of a new lighting model.

Heterogeneity in cervical spine assessment in paediatric trauma: A survey of physicians' knowledge and application at a paediatric major trauma centre.

Objective: Evidence-based decision-making tools are widely used to guide cervical spine assessment in adult trauma patients. Similar tools validated for use in injured children are lacking. A paediatric-specific approach is appropriate given important differences in cervical spine anatomy, mechanism of spinal injury and concerns over ionising radiation in children.

Magnetoencephalographic Infraslow Activity: A Feasibility Study.

Purpose: To explore if background infraslow activity (ISA) can be retrieved from archived magnetoencephalographic (MEG) recordings and its potential clinical relevance.

Methods: Archived recordings of 15 patients with epilepsy and 10 normal subjects were evaluated for MEG/EEG delta (0.5-3 Hz) and ISA (0.

Pediatric pelvic fracture: a modification of a preexisting classification.

Background: The classic pediatric pelvic fracture (PPF) classification was developed by Torode and Zeig in 1985 and is based exclusively on plain radiographs. The purpose of this study was to propose a modification to a previously accepted PPF classification scheme and discuss the significance of this modification with respect to treatment and management of PPF over an 8-year period at a large pediatric hospital.

Methods: PPFs were recorded on a prospectively identified hospital registry of all trauma admissions.

A systemic model of doping behavior.

Human behavior occurs within a system, and as such, so do behaviors in performance-related domains (e.g., athletics, academics).

Development of an attached microalgal growth system for biofuel production.

Algal biofuel production has gained a renewed interest in recent years but is still not economically feasible due to several limitations related to algal culture. The objective of this study is to explore a novel attached culture system for growing the alga Chlorella sp. as biodiesel feedstock, with dairy manure wastewater being used as growth medium.

Percutaneous treatment of insufficiency fractures : principles, technique and review of literature.

Insufficiency fractures of the pelvis, sacrum, spine, and long bones are painful, debilitating, and are common consequences of osteoporosis. Conventional treatment for these fractures varies from conservative therapy to surgery with plate and screw fixation. The former fails to address the underlying problem of fracture and frequently does not alleviate symptoms, while the latter is invasive and not always possible in older populations with low bone density and numerous co-morbidities.

Ligamentum teres tenodesis in medial approach open reduction for developmental dislocation of the hip.

Background: When closed reduction of a developmental dislocation of the hip fails, some form of open reduction is required. In recent years, the many advantages of the medial approach open reduction have been emphasized. However, there have been suggestions that the rate of growth disturbance in the proximal femur and the requirement for secondary surgical procedures may be higher with this route than with others.

Spinal deformity after selective dorsal rhizotomy in ambulatory patients with cerebral palsy.

Thirty-four patients with ambulatory spastic diplegia (ages 10-19.8 years) who were part of a prospective study of selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) had standardized radiographs before and after SDR. Follow-up ranged from 5 to 11.

D8/17 and CD19 expression on lymphocytes of patients with acute rheumatic fever and Tourette's disorder.

D8/17, an alloantigen found on B lymphocytes, has been reported to be elevated in patients susceptible to rheumatic fever and may be associated with autoimmune types of neuropsychiatric disorders. The pediatric-autoimmune-neuropsychiatric-disorders-associated-with-streptococci model is a putative model of pathogenesis for a group of children whose symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder and Tourette's disorder (TD) are abrupt and may be triggered by an infection with group A streptococci. As a test of this model, we have examined D8/17 levels on the B cells of patients with TD and acute rheumatic fever (ARF) along with those on the B cells of normal controls by flow cytometry.