Physical activity interventions for adults who are visually impaired: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: Compared with sighted individuals, people with visual impairment have a higher prevalence of chronic conditions and lower levels of physical activity. This review aims to systematically review physical activity interventions for those with a visual impairment and to assess their effectiveness.

Design: A systematic review of articles reporting physical activity interventions in visually impaired individuals was conducted.

Driving in an urban environment, the stress response and effects of exercise.

Driving may be detrimental to health, with one hypothesis suggesting that driving may elicit an acute stress response and, with repeated exposures, may become a chronic stressor. The present study examined the stress response to driving and the effectiveness of a prior exercise bout in dampening this response. Twenty healthy adults performed three tasks: control, driving and exercise plus driving.

The acute physiological stress response to driving: A systematic review.

Background: The experience of driving has been suggested to be detrimental to health. One hypothesis is that each exposure elicits an acute stress response, and that repeated exposures may act as a chronic stressor.

Objective: The aim of this review is to evaluate and synthesise the evidence on whether driving elicits an acute physiological stress response.