Toxicological Impact of Chronic Chlorpyrifos Exposure: DNA Damage and Epigenetic Alterations Induces Neoplastic Transformation of Liver Cells.

Organophosphate pesticides (OPPs) are widely used chemical pesticides in all the developed countries. Among the OPPs, Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is predominantly used and has been linked to various adverse health effects from acute to chronic exposure. Exposure to pesticides both occupationally and environmentally causes frequent human health problems including neurological disorders, liver, kidney dysfunctions and cancer.

A platform immunoassay for the quantification of biotherapeutics with glycine-serine linkers.

Assessing the pharmacokinetics of biotherapeutics is essential across all phases of drug development to understand drug exposure. At early stages, platform drug quantification immunoassays offer a versatile method for evaluating exposure for diverse biotherapeutics when specific reagents are not yet available, providing fast data for molecules with common structural features. To ensure clearly defined bioanalytical data, it is essential to conduct interference testing for anti-drug antibodies (ADA) or soluble target (starget), although these assays measure total exposure.

Characterization of anti-drug antibody responses to the T-cell engaging bispecific antibody cibisatamab to understand the impact on exposure.

An appropriately designed pharmacokinetic (PK) assay that is sensitive for anti-drug antibody (ADA) impact on relevant exposure is an alternative strategy to understand the neutralizing potential of ADAs. However, guidance on how to develop such PK assays and how to confirm the functional ADA impact on exposure is missing. Here, the PK assay of a T-cell-engaging bispecific antibody, cibisatamab, was developed based on its mechanism of action (MoA).

On peace and its logic.

Glowacki argues that the human capacity for peace emerged 100,000 years ago, and that the logic of peace is such that the traits and technologies that enable peace are the same that are used to wage war. In my commentary I raise some concerns about these points as well as about Glowacki's understanding of peace.

Nerves are more abundant than blood vessels in the degenerate human intervertebral disc.

Background: Chronic low back pain (LBP) is the most common cause of disability worldwide. New ideas surrounding LBP are emerging that are based on interactions between mechanical, biological and chemical influences on the human IVD. The degenerate IVD is proposed to be innervated by sensory nerve fibres and vascularised by blood vessels, and it is speculated to contribute to pain sensation.

Osteochondroma arising from a lumbar facet joint in a 16-year-old.

Osteochondromas are benign tumours of bony or cartilaginous origin, which may be solitary or multiple. They are rare in the axial skeleton and have previously been reported to arise from facet joints only in four cases in the English literature. We report the case of a 16-year-old girl who presented with a palpable bony lump and a short history of back pain.

A profusion of upstream open reading frame mechanisms in polyamine-responsive translational regulation.

In many eukaryotic mRNAs one or more short 'upstream' open reading frames, uORFs, precede the initiator of the main coding sequence. Upstream ORFs are functionally diverse as illustrated by their variety of features in polyamine pathway biosynthetic mRNAs. Their propensity to act as sensors for regulatory circuits and to amplify the signals likely explains their occurrence in most polyamine pathway mRNAs.

Sidestepping the semantics of "consciousness".

Block explains the conflation of phenomenal consciousness and access consciousness by appeal to the ambiguity of the term "consciousness." However, the nature of ambiguity is not at all clear, and the thesis that "consciousness" is ambiguous between phenomenal consciousness and access consciousness is far from obvious. Moreover, the conflation can be explained without supposing that the term is ambiguous.