Use of isavuconazole antifungal medicine to treat mold infections in Asia and the Western Pacific region: a plain language summary.

What Is This Summary About?: Molds are types of fungus that can invade humans. It can cause a disease called invasive mold infection (IMI) and make people sick or cause death. This is a summary of a study that looked at mold samples collected from people in Asia and the Western Pacific region to check if an antifungal medicine called isavuconazole (ISC) can stop the growth of or kill these molds.

Trends in the susceptibility of U.S. species complex and isolates to minocycline, 2014-2021.

species complex and are opportunistic, non-fermentative Gram-negative organisms that can cause serious hospital-acquired infections in immunocompromised patients. These pathogens are inherently resistant to several common drug classes and often acquire other resistance mechanisms, making them difficult to treat. In this study, we analyzed the trends of susceptibility of over 2,500 U.

A plain language summary of how some fungi samples that show resistance to antifungal medicines have changes in their genes.

What Is This Summary About?: (shortened to ) is a fungus (plural: fungi) that can cause a serious infection in some people. can become resistant to medicines known as azoles (isavuconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole). This means they stop working and are not able to kill the fungus.

Plain language summary: Did the COVID-19 pandemic change the resistance to current antifungal medicines?

What Is This Summary About?: Previous research shows that patients with COVID-19 have a high chance of getting fungal infections. Medicines called antifungals are used to treat fungal infections. However, some fungi are resistant, which means the fungi are not killed by the antifungals and they keep growing, which can make the patients sicker and even die.

Susceptibility patterns of amphotericin B, itraconazole, posaconazole, voriconazole and caspofungin for isolates causing invasive mould infections from the SENTRY Antifungal Surveillance Program (2018-2021) and application of single-site epidemiological cutoff values to evaluate amphotericin B activity.

We evaluated the activity of amphotericin B, itraconazole, posaconazole, voriconazole and caspofungin against 1468 invasive moulds collected worldwide from 2018 to 2021. Most (>92%) of the Aspergillus spp. isolates were wildtype (WT) to amphotericin B, caspofungin and the azoles.

In Vitro Activity of Isavuconazole and Other Mould-Active Azoles against with and without CYP51 Alterations.

Azole resistance in (AFM) is mainly associated with mutations in CYP51A and its promoter region or its homologue CYP51B. We evaluated the in vitro activity of isavuconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole against 660 AFM collected during 2017-2020. Isolates were tested via CLSI broth microdilution.

Antifungal Activity of Isavuconazole and Comparator Agents against Contemporaneous Mucorales Isolates from USA, Europe, and Asia-Pacific.

Isavuconazole is the only US FDA-approved antifungal for treating invasive mucormycosis. We evaluated isavuconazole activity against a global collection of Mucorales isolates. Fifty-two isolates were collected during 2017-2020 from hospitals located in the USA, Europe, and the Asia-Pacific.

Multicenter Collaborative Study of the Interaction of Antifungal Combinations against Spp. by Loewe Additivity and Bliss Independence-Based Response Surface Analysis.

Combination antifungal therapy is widely used but not well understood. We analyzed the spectrophotometric readings from a multicenter study conducted by the New York State Department of Health to further characterize the in vitro interactions of the major classes of antifungal agents against Candida spp. Loewe additivity-based fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICi) analysis and Bliss independence-based response surface (BIRS) analysis were used to analyze two-drug inter- and intraclass combinations of triazoles (AZO) (voriconazole, posaconazole), echinocandins (ECH) (caspofungin, micafungin, anidulafungin), and a polyene (amphotericin B) against Candida albicans, C.

Evaluation of the Post-Antifungal Effect of Rezafungin and Micafungin against Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis and Candida glabrata.

Rezafungin, a new echinocandin with an extended half-life, exhibits potent activity against Candida spp. Aside from the MIC, specific interactions between antifungal and isolate, including the duration of anti-infective activity, may impact dose interval choices and infection outcome. We evaluated rezafungin and micafungin post-antifungal effect (PAFE) against C.

Ceftobiprole activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens causing bone and joint infections in the United States from 2016 to 2020.

Bone and joint infections (BJIs) present significant treatment challenges. Ceftobiprole, a broad-spectrum cephalosporin with activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, is approved in many European and other countries for the treatment of adults with community- and hospital-acquired pneumonia, excluding ventilator-associated pneumonia. In this study, the in vitro activity of ceftobiprole and comparators was evaluated against clinical isolates collected from BJIs in the USA from 2016 to 2020.

Plain language summary: Does a person's age affect how common fungal infections are and how well drugs can kill the infections?

What Is This Summary About?: Fungi are types of microbes that include molds and yeasts. Fungal infections can make people ill and can even cause death, especially in older people. They can be treated using antifungal drugs, but some fungi are drug resistant.

Azole resistance in Candida glabrata clinical isolates from global surveillance is associated with efflux overexpression.

Objectives: We evaluated the azole resistance mechanisms and epidemiology of fluconazole-resistant Candida glabrata from a global survey.

Methods: A total of 2992 Candida spp. isolates collected during 2018-2019 were susceptibility tested by the broth microdilution reference method following CLSI guidelines.

Impact of COVID-19 on the antifungal susceptibility profiles of isolates collected in a global surveillance program that monitors invasive fungal infections.

Unlabelled: Studies demonstrated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the prevalence and susceptibility profiles of bacterial and fungal organisms. We analyzed 4821 invasive fungal isolates collected during 2018, 2019, and 2020 in 48 hospitals worldwide to evaluate the impact of this event in the occurrence and susceptibility rates of common fungal species. Isolates were tested using the CLSI broth microdilution method.

Evaluation of Rezafungin Provisional CLSI Clinical Breakpoints and Epidemiological Cutoff Values Tested against a Worldwide Collection of Contemporaneous Invasive Fungal Isolates (2019 to 2020).

Rezafungin is a new echinocandin under development for the treatment of candidemia and invasive candidiasis. CLSI recently approved provisional susceptible-only breakpoints and epidemiological cutoff values for spp. and rezafungin.

Elderly versus nonelderly patients with invasive fungal infections: species distribution and antifungal resistance, SENTRY antifungal surveillance program 2017-2019.

We utilized the SENTRY surveillance database from 2017 through 2019 to address pathogen frequency and antifungal resistance among 4,497 clinical isolates of fungi from patients who were either ≥ 65 years (2,170 isolates) or between 18 and 64 years of age (2,327 isolates). The younger population was more frequently infected with non-Candida yeasts and non-Aspergillus moulds. Candida glabrata was more common in the older age group (P value = 0.

activity of a novel aminomethylcycline antibacterial (KBP-7072), a third-generation tetracycline, against clinical isolates with molecularly characterized tetracycline resistance mechanisms.

Objectives: This study evaluated the activity of KBP-7072 against 413 contemporary surveillance isolates, including subsets with known tetracycline resistance genes.

Materials: In total, 105 (51 tetracycline resistant), 103 (52 tetracycline resistant), 103 (51 tetracycline resistant) and 102 (51 tetracycline resistant) isolates were included. These isolates were tested by broth microdilution using fresh media.

Surveillance of omadacycline activity tested against clinical isolates from the USA: report from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program, 2019.

Objectives: Omadacycline was tested against 7000 bacterial isolates collected prospectively from medical centres in the USA during 2019.

Methods: Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines.

Results: Omadacycline was active against: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC, 0.

Ceftolozane-tazobactam activity against clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from ICU patients with pneumonia: United States, 2015-2018.

Objectives: To report on the activity of ceftolozane-tazobactam and comparators against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates collected from hospitalized patients with pneumonia in US intensive care units (ICUs) between 2015 and 2018. Activity against all P. aeruginosa and common resistant phenotypes are described to better inform decision-making and support antimicrobial stewardship efforts.

In vitro activity of posaconazole and comparators versus opportunistic filamentous fungal pathogens globally collected during 8 years.

The epidemiology of invasive filamentous fungal diseases requires monitoring due to changes in susceptibility patterns of new and established antifungal agents that may affect clinical practices. We evaluated the activity of posaconazole against 2,157 invasive moulds collected worldwide from 2010-2017. The isolates included 1,775 Aspergillus spp.

Antifungal susceptibilities of opportunistic filamentous fungal pathogens from the Asia and Western Pacific Region: data from the SENTRY Antifungal Surveillance Program (2011-2019).

Antifungal surveillance is an important tool to monitor the prevalence of uncommon fungal species and increasing antifungal resistance throughout the world, but data comparing results across several different Asian countries are scarce. In this study, 372 invasive molds collected in the Asia-Western Pacific region in 2011-2019 were susceptibility tested for mold-active triazoles (isavuconazole, posaconazole, voriconazole, and itraconazole). The collection includes 318 Aspergillus spp.

Antifungal drugs work together to treat germs causing fungal infections.

Life-threatening infections can be caused by a fungus called (shortened to ) that is found in the hospital environment. This study looked at how well different drugs could treat infection. Samples were collected from 36 people who had infection.

Antimicrobial activity of manogepix, a first-in-class antifungal, and comparator agents tested against contemporary invasive fungal isolates from an international surveillance programme (2018-2019).

Objectives: Manogepix, the active moiety of the prodrug fosmanogepix, is a novel antifungal with activity against major fungal pathogens including Candida (except Candida krusei), Aspergillus and difficult-to-treat/rare moulds. We tested manogepix and comparators against 2669 contemporary (2018-2019) fungal isolates collected from 82 medical centres in North America (42.3%), Europe (37.

Isavuconazole nonwildtype Aspergillus fumigatus isolates from a global surveillance study display alterations in multiple genes involved in the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway not previously associated with resistance to other azoles.

Objectives: We evaluated 35 azole nonwildtype Aspergillus fumigatus isolates that were collected during 2017-2018 using whole genome sequencing (WGS) to detect alterations in the genes involved in the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway as well as other genes associated with azole resistance.

Methods: Among 297 A fumigatus isolates collected worldwide, 36 isolates displayed nonwildtype MIC values to isavuconazole, itraconazole, or voriconazole when tested by the CLSI reference broth microdilution method. Isolates were submitted to WGS and results were compared to 2 azolewildtype isolates.