Community Collaboration to Develop a Curriculum on Settler Colonialism and the Social Determinants of Health.

American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities continue to experience health disparities and poor health outcomes, which are influenced by social determinants of health. The theory of settler colonialism provides a framework for understanding the structures that affect social determinants of health and the resulting health disparities. Western biomedicine and medical education have been implicated in perpetuating settler colonialism, and as a result Indigenous medical educators and leaders have called for increased education and understanding of the structural and social determinants of health affecting Indigenous populations.

Why the Indian Health Care Improvement Act Has Failed to Effectively Fund Workforce Development for the Indian Health Service.

The Indian Health Service (IHS) faces severe workforce shortages due to underfunding and underdevelopment of clinical training programs. Unlike other direct federal health care systems that have implemented clinical training paradigms as central parts of their success, the IHS has no formalized process for developing such programs internally or in partnership with academic institutions. While the Indian Health Care Improvement Act (IHCIA) authorizes mechanisms by which the IHS can support overall workforce development, a critical portion of the act (U.

Evaluating Disparities in Colon Cancer Survival in American Indian/Alaskan Native Patients Using the National Cancer Database.

Background: Studies demonstrate higher mortality rates from colon cancer in American Indian/Alaskan Native (AI/AN) patients compared to non-Hispanic White (nHW). We aim to identify factors that contribute to survival disparities.

Methods: We used the National Cancer Database to identify AI/AN (n = 2127) and nHW (n = 527,045) patients with stage I-IV colon cancer from 2004 to 2016.

Factors Associated With Health Care Professionals' Choice to Practice in Rural Minnesota.

Importance: Rural health inequities are due in part to a shortage of health care professionals in these areas.

Objective: To determine the factors associated with health care professionals' decisions about where to practice.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This prospective, cross-sectional survey study of health care professionals in Minnesota was administered by the Minnesota Department of Health from October 18, 2021, to July 25, 2022.

Global Health Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Challenges, Adaptations, and Lessons Learned.

Global health education programs should strive continually to improve the quality of education, increase access, create communities that foster excellence in global health practices, and ensure sustainability. The COVID-19 pandemic forced the University of Minnesota's extensive global health education programs, which includes a decade of hybrid online and in-person programing, to move completely online. We share our experience, a working framework for evaluating global health educational programming, and lessons learned.

Implementation of the Navajo fruit and vegetable prescription programme to improve access to healthy foods in a rural food desert.

Objective: To utilise a community-based participatory approach in the design and implementation of an intervention targeting diet-related health problems on Navajo Nation.

Design: A dual strategy approach of community needs/assets assessment and engagement of cross-sectorial partners in programme design with systematic cyclical feedback for programme modifications.

Setting: Navajo Nation, USA.

Helminthic infection and the risk of neurologic disease progression in HTLV-1.

Background: Infection with the human T-cell lymphotropic virus, type 1 (HTLV-1) has been associated with an increased Th1 response. Interestingly, a higher prevalence of helminthic coinfection has been observed among infected individuals, and subsequent modulation of the immune response typically associated with helminths may influence clinical outcomes among HTLV-1 coinfected individuals.

Objective: This study was conducted to elucidate the association between helminthic coinfection and the development of clinically characterized neurologic disease that occurs in HTLV-1 infection.

Detrusor Arreflexia as an End Stage of Neurogenic Bladder in HAM/TSP?

The HTLV-1 virus is a known agent involved in the development of HAM/TSP. Past studies have typically observed patients with autonomic dysfunction consisting of detrusor overactivity and detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia, with the occasional observation of underactive detrusor or detrusor arreflexia. However, studies have not yet evaluated the progression of neurogenic bladder over time.

Use of Morphology and Endocrinology to Predict Sex in California Sheephead: Evidence of Altered Timing of Sex Change at Santa Catalina Island, California.

To estimate the health of the California sheephead fishery, a 2004 stock assessment used available biological data that were collected decades prior to an increase in fishing pressure. However, a recent study has found that sex ratios, growth rates, survivorship, and average sizes of females and males have changed in response to size-selective fishing in some California sheephead populations. To better understand the potential changes in protogynous California sheephead, this study sought to determine (1) whether external morphology was still an accurate method of predicting sex in sexually dimorphic California sheephead at Santa Catalina Island, California, and (2) whether nonlethal blood sampling and plasma hormone analysis could be used to predict sex for future stock assessments.

Gonadal Restructuring During Sex Transition in California Sheephead: a Reclassification Three Decades After Initial Studies.

California Sheephead, , is a monandric protogynous hermaphrodite and a commercially and recreationally valuable labrid. Gonadal functionality of Sheephead through sex change was reclassified into nine classes using current criteria for categorization. Female ovaries were classified as immature, early maturing, mature, and regressing/recovering classes.