Distribution of topical ocular nepafenac and its active metabolite amfenac to the posterior segment of the eye.

Nepafenac ophthalmic suspensions, 0.1% (NEVANAC(®)) and 0.3% (ILEVRO™), are topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) products approved in the United States, Europe and various other countries to treat pain and inflammation associated with cataract surgery.

CEP biomarkers as potential tools for monitoring therapeutics.

Background: Carboxyethylpyrrole (CEP) adducts are oxidative modifications derived from docosahexaenoate-containing lipids that are elevated in ocular tissues and plasma in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and in rodents exposed to intense light. The goal of this study was to determine whether light-induced CEP adducts and autoantibodies are modulated by pretreatment with AL-8309A under conditions that prevent photo-oxidative damage of rat retina. AL-8309A is a serotonin 5-HT1A receptor agonist.

Agonists at the serotonin receptor (5-HT(1A)) protect the retina from severe photo-oxidative stress.

Purpose: 5-HT(1A) agonists are neuroprotective in CNS injury models. The authors evaluated the efficacy of 5-HT(1A) agonists to protect the retina from severe blue light-induced photo-oxidative damage.

Methods: Albino rats were dosed (subcutaneously) with AL-8309A, 8-OH DPAT, or buspirone once or three times before 6-hour exposure to blue light.

Levobetaxolol-induced Up-regulation of retinal bFGF and CNTF mRNAs and preservation of retinal function against a photic-induced retinopathy.

Betaxolol (racemic), a beta-adrenoceptor antagonist that is used to lower intraocular pressure in the treatment of glaucoma, has been shown to protect inner retina cells from various insults. To determine if such protection could be afforded to retinal photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE), levobetaxolol (S-betaxolol) was evaluated in a photic-induced retinopathy model. Rats were dosed (IP) with vehicle or levobetaxolol (10 and 20 mg kg(-1)) 48, 24 and 0 hr prior to exposure for 6 hr to fluorescent blue light.