Minimal required PDT light dosimetry for nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (Erratum).

The erratum corrects a misspelled author surname.

Predictive Value of In Vivo MR Spectroscopy With Semilocalization by Adiabatic Selective Refocusing in Differentiating Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma From Other Subtypes.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic value of in vivo MR spectroscopy (MRS) with semilocalization by adiabatic selective refocusing (semi-LASER MRS) in differentiating clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) from the non-clear cell subtype. Sixteen patients with biopsy-proven RCC or masses highly suspicious for RCC were prospectively recruited to participate in the study. Single-voxel H spectra were acquired using a 3-T MRI system, with a semi-LASER sequence acquired for renal tumors in 14 patients and for healthy renal tissue (control tissue) in 12 patients.

Searching for prognostic biomarkers for small renal masses in the urinary proteome.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is frequently diagnosed incidentally as an early-stage small renal mass (SRM; pT1a, ≤4 cm). Overtreatment of patients with benign or clinically indolent SRMs is increasingly common and has resulted in a recent shift in treatment recommendations. There are currently no available biomarkers that can accurately predict clinical behavior.

Surgical Safety of Cytoreductive Nephrectomy Following Sunitinib: Results from the Multicentre, Randomised Controlled Trial of Immediate Versus Deferred Nephrectomy (SURTIME).

The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer SURTIME trial explored timing of sunitinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), and cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Previous retrospective studies suggest increased surgery-related adverse events (AEs) after presurgical TKI. We report surgical safety from a randomised comparison of CN before or after sunitinib.

Impact of Granulocyte-colony Stimulating Factor on Bleomycin-induced Pneumonitis in Chemotherapy-treated Germ Cell Tumors.

Objective: To examine the impact of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) use on the incidence and severity of bleomycin-induced pneumonitis (BIP) in patients with germ cell tumor (GCT) receiving first-line chemotherapy.

Patients And Methods: Clinical data from our institutional GCT database was complemented by review of radiology, pharmacy, and medical records. All patients receiving first line chemotherapy between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2010 were included.

Needs Assessment Survey for the Management of Kidney Cancer.

Introduction: In this study we determined self-perceived knowledge gaps and continuing medical education preferences among Canadian urologists and medical oncologists related to the treatment of patients with kidney cancer.

Methods: A needs assessment survey was created by the Quality Initiative group of the Kidney Cancer Research Network of Canada using an iterative feedback process. The survey determined knowledge gaps and continuing medical education preferences pertaining to 23 previously validated quality indicators of kidney cancer care.

28-year late spermatic cord relapse of a testicular non-seminomatous germ cell tumour, managed robotically.

We present a patient who relapsed symptomatically 28 years post-orchiectomy, initially followed by active surveillance for clinical stage I non-seminomatous germ cell tumour (CSI NSGCT). His relapse was localized to the pelvis, managed with robotic surgery, and achieved a complete resection with tumour markers normalized. We highlight the current Princess Margaret guidelines for followup of CSI NSGCT and discuss the trade-off between lifelong radiographic surveillance to detect the very small risk of late relapse.

Structured assessment and followup for patients with hereditary kidney tumour syndromes.

Introduction: Optimal clinical assessment and subsequent followup of patients with or suspected of having a hereditary renal cell carcinoma syndrome (hRCC) is not standardized and practice varies widely. We propose protocols to optimize these processes in patients with hRCC to encourage a more uniform approach to management that can then be evaluated.

Methods: A review of the literature, including existing guidelines, was carried out for the years 1985-2015.

Management of Small Renal Masses: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline.

Purpose To provide recommendations for the management options for patients with small renal masses (SRMs). Methods By using a literature search and prospectively defined study selection, we sought systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomized clinical trials, prospective comparative observational studies, and retrospective studies published from 2000 through 2015. Outcomes included recurrence-free survival, disease-specific survival, and overall survival.

MR elastography to measure the effects of cancer and pathology fixation on prostate biomechanics, and comparison with T , T and ADC.

MRI is under evaluation for image-guided intervention for prostate cancer. The sensitivity and specificity of MRI parameters is determined via correlation with the gold-standard of histopathology. Whole-mount histopathology of prostatectomy specimens can be digitally registered to in vivo imaging for correlation.

Diabetes and kidney cancer outcomes: a propensity score analysis.

There is conflicting evidence whether diabetes is associated with survival outcomes in patients undergoing a nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma. We performed a retrospective review of 1034 patients undergoing nephrectomy for unilateral, M0, renal cell carcinoma between 2000 and 2016 at a tertiary academic center. Inverse probability of treatment weights were derived from a propensity score model based on various clinical, surgical, and pathological characteristics.

Multilocular Cystic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Pathological T Staging Makes No Difference to Favorable Outcomes and Should be Reclassified.

Purpose: We evaluated survival outcomes of cystic/multilocular cystic renal cell carcinomas in a long-term population based study based on size and pathological tumor stage.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed a provincial cancer registry of all histologically proven cases of multilocular cystic renal cancers treated surgically between 1995 and 2008. All cases of cystic necrosis were excluded from study.

The association between institution at orchiectomy and outcomes on active surveillance for clinical stage I germ cell tumours.

Introduction: Institutional experience has been associated with improved outcomes for various malignancies, including testicular cancer. The present study evaluated whether institution at orchiectomy was associated with outcomes on active surveillance (AS) for clinical stage (CS) I germ cell tumours (GCT).

Methods: 815 patients with CSI GCT managed with AS at the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre were identified.

Safety, reliability and accuracy of small renal tumour biopsies: results from a multi-institution registry.

Objective: To validate, in a multi-institution review, the safety, accuracy and reliability of renal tumour biopsy (RTB) and its role in decreasing unnecessary treatment.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a multi-institution retrospective study of patients who underwent RTB to characterize a small renal mass (SRM) between 2011 and May 2015. Patients were identified using the prospectively maintained Canadian Kidney Cancer information system.

Conditional Risk of Relapse in Surveillance for Clinical Stage I Testicular Cancer.

Background: Patients on surveillance for clinical stage I (CSI) testicular cancer are counseled regarding their baseline risk of relapse. The conditional risk of relapse (cRR), which provides prognostic information on patients who have survived for a period of time without relapse, have not been determined for CSI testicular cancer.

Objective: To determine cRR in CSI testicular cancer.

Metformin Use and Kidney Cancer Outcomes in Patients With Diabetes: A Propensity Score Analysis.

Background: Exposure to metformin, a medication used to treat diabetes, has been associated with improved survival outcomes in various malignancies. However, studies evaluating the association between metformin use and kidney cancer survival outcomes have demonstrated conflicting results.

Patients And Methods: We performed a retrospective review of diabetic patients undergoing nephrectomy for M0 renal cell carcinoma from 2000 to 2014 at a tertiary academic center.

Efficient generation of patient-matched malignant and normal primary cell cultures from clear cell renal cell carcinoma patients: clinically relevant models for research and personalized medicine.

Background: Patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) have few therapeutic options, as ccRCC is unresponsive to chemotherapy and is highly resistant to radiation. Recently targeted therapies have extended progression-free survival, but responses are variable and no significant overall survival benefit has been achieved. Commercial ccRCC cell lines are often used as model systems to develop novel therapeutic approaches, but these do not accurately recapitulate primary ccRCC tumors at the genomic and transcriptional levels.

Benefit of Adjuvant Chemotherapy and Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection in pT3 and Node Positive Bladder Cancer Patients Treated with Radical Cystectomy.

Benefits of adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) and extent of pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) in radical cystectomy (RC) are debated. Results from randomized trials are still expected. To analyze the effects of AC and PLND in two academic centers with opposite policies regarding their use.

Cancer stem cells are underestimated by standard experimental methods in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Rare cancer stem cells (CSC) are proposed to be responsible for tumour propagation and re-initiation and are functionally defined by identifying tumour-initiating cells (TICs) using the xenotransplantation limiting dilution assay (LDA). While TICs in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) appeared rare in NOD/SCID/IL2Rγ(-/-) (NSG) mice, xenografts formed more efficiently from small tumour fragments, indicating the LDA underestimated ccRCC TIC frequency. Mechanistic interrogation of the LDA identified multiple steps that influence ccRCC TIC quantitation.

The initiation of a multidisciplinary bladder cancer clinic and the uptake of neoadjuvant chemotherapy: A time-series analysis.

Introduction: While level 1 evidence supports the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), its uptake has been underwhelming, even in academic centres. Our aim was to determine if the initiation of a multidisciplinary bladder cancer clinic (MDBCC) in 2008 at our institution, where patients are assessed simultaneously by bladder cancer-focused urologists and radiation oncologists with easy access to a medical oncologist, was associated with an increased use of NAC.

Methods: Patients with MIBC initiating treatment between July 2000 and June 2013 were identified and classified by academic year (July 1 to June 30).

The role of biopsy for small renal masses.

The incidence of small renal masses (SRMs) has been increasing due to the more liberal use of abdominal imaging. This increased detection has driven the attention of clinicians to the characterization of these lesions and toward a better understanding of their natural history. To this end, renal tumour biopsies (RTBs) have a crucial role as they provide vital pathological information.

Technical Note: Method to correlate whole-specimen histopathology of radical prostatectomy with diagnostic MR imaging.

Purpose: Validation of MRI-guided tumor boundary delineation for targeted prostate cancer therapy is achieved via correlation with gold-standard histopathology of radical prostatectomy specimens. Challenges to accurate correlation include matching the pathology sectioning plane with the in vivo imaging slice plane and correction for the deformation that occurs between in vivo imaging and histology. A methodology is presented for matching of the histological sectioning angle and position to the in vivo imaging slices.