'Stop sign' position for subclavian ultrasound: a single-blinded observational study of subclavian vein dimensions.

Objective: Right subclavian vein (SCV) dimensions were evaluated on ultrasound and whether these change when the right upper limb is in a neutral position compared with the 'stop sign' position (shoulder abducted and externally rotated to 90°, elbow flexed to 90°), and when patients were positioned 30° head-up compared with lying supine.

Methods: Images of transverse and longitudinal views of the right SCV in patients ≥18 years, presenting with a range of conditions to a Regional Hospital Emergency Department, were recorded by two physicians in a randomly assigned, nonsequential order and measured blinded. Data were analysed with paired Student's t tests.

Therapeutic drug monitoring when using cefepime in continuous renal replacement therapy: seizures associated with cefepime.

Ensuring effective, safe drug dosing in critically ill patients can be difficult, due to variable and dynamic organ function. An 82-year-old man was admitted to the intensive care unit with severe community-acquired pneumonia, septic shock and progressive organ failure. He required ventilation and continuous renal replacement therapy.