Mirror Image Video Artifact: An Under-Reported Digital Video-EEG Artifact.

Synchronous video recording can be helpful in EEG recordings, especially in recognition of seizures and in rejection of artifacts. However, video recordings themselves are also subject to the risk of contamination by artifacts. We report a unique case in which a digital video artifact was identified, occurring during synchronous video-EEG recording, albeit independently of the EEG tracing itself.

Injury to the preterm brain and cerebral palsy: clinical aspects, molecular mechanisms, unanswered questions, and future research directions.

Cerebral palsy will affect nearly 10% of the 60,000 very low-birth-weight infants born in the United States in the next year, and an even greater percentage will display some form of permanent neurological impairment resulting from injury to the preterm brain. The 2008 Neurobiology of Disease in Children Symposium, held in conjunction with the 37th annual meeting of the Child Neurology Society, aimed to define current knowledge and to develop specific aims for future clinical, translational, and fundamental science. A complex interplay of both destructive and developmental forces is responsible for injury to the preterm brain.

Neurofibromatosis type 1 revisited.

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant condition with a worldwide incidence of approximately 1 per 2500 to 3000 individuals. Caused by a germ-line-inactivating mutation in the NF1 gene on chromosome 17, the disease is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. In the past several years, significant progress has been made in standardizing management of the major clinical features of neurofibromatosis type 1.

Targeting hyaluronan interactions in spinal cord astrocytomas and diffuse pontine gliomas.

Although significant advances have been made in treating malignant pediatric central nervous system tumors such as medulloblastoma, no effective therapy exists for diffuse pontine glioma or intramedullary spinal astrocytoma. Biology of these 2 tumors is poorly understood, in part because diffuse pontine gliomas are not treated surgically, and tumor specimens from intramedullary spinal astrocytomas are rare and minuscule. At the 2007 Neurobiology of Disease in Children Symposium, we presented evidence that malignant glioma behaviors, including antiapoptosis, invasiveness, and treatment resistance, are enhanced by hyaluronan, an extracellular glycosaminoglycan.

Tumors of the central nervous system: clinical aspects, molecular mechanisms, unanswered questions, and future research directions.

Central nervous system tumors are the most common solid tumors in children. Many histological subtypes and biological variants exist. The 2007 Neurobiology of Disease in Children Symposium, held in conjunction with the 36th annual meeting of the Child Neurology Society, aimed to define current knowledge in the field and to develop specific aims for future clinical, translational, and fundamental science.