Glutamine Supplementation: A Possible Strategy to Help Mitigate Health Risks of Heat-Related Illness.

A rise in body temperature caused by physical work, including exercise, in a hot climate can lead to heat-related illnesses such as exertional heat exhaustion and stroke. Individuals who work physically demanding occupations in hot environments are at heightened risk of heat injury. The mechanisms that contribute to heat illness resulting from physical work in the heat are complex and include dehydration, tissue ischemia and damage, oxidative stress, and inflammatory events.

Cardiac rehabilitation utilization, barriers, and outcomes among patients with heart failure.

Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is effective for improving both primary (i.e., mortality and hospitalizations) and secondary (i.

The Effect of Self-Selected Exercise Workloads on Perceived Enjoyment and Self-Efficacy in Sedentary Adults.

Self-selected workloads are shown to be more enjoyable than researcher-selected workloads. In addition, it is unclear if sedentary adults find aerobic interval or continuous exercise more pleasant. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study was to determine the effects of two acute bouts (interval vs.

Practicing COVID-19 Public Health Measures Is Associated With Anxiety and Depression in Undergraduate University Students.

Background: COVID-19 has affected mental health globally, increasing depression and anxiety. This study examined relationships between practicing COVID-19-related public health measures and depression and anxiety in young adult students.

Methods: A sample of 755 undergraduate students 18-25 years of age at a large public university completed a cross-sectional survey in fall 2020 during the pandemic (response rate = 18.

Self-Selected Walking Cadence after 16-Week Light-Intensity Physical Activity Intervention for Older Cancer Survivors.

In this secondary analysis of a light-intensity physical activity intervention, we hypothesized that older cancer survivors would self-select a faster walking cadence to meet their daily step goals. Average steps/day and free-living walking cadence were measured in 41 participants (age 69 ± 3.1 years) with an ActivPAL monitor worn 7 days pre- and post-intervention.

Exercise Prescription and Progression Practices among US Cardiac Rehabilitation Clinics.

Background: Little is known about exercise prescription practices in cardiac rehabilitation (CR). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to understand how initial exercise is prescribed and how exercise intensity is progressed among cardiac patients enrolled in United States CR programs.

Methods: A 22-question survey was sent out to US CR clinics.

Effect of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus on Cardiac Rehabilitation Outcomes: A Meta-analysis.

Objective: To determine the effect of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) on changes in functional capacity among patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and a type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) comorbidity compared with patients without T2D.

Data Sources: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials were completed using PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health, and Web of Science in January 2021.

Study Selection: Articles were included if they compared patients CR with T2D with those without T2D.

Physical Activity Behavior and Mental Health Among University Students During COVID-19 Lockdown.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic placed social, travel, school access, and learning restrictions on University students. Excessive restriction measures have been shown to have negative impacts on mental health. Physical activity preserves mental health, and may be useful during quarantines.

Exercise as a Useful Intervention to Reduce Alcohol Consumption and Improve Physical Fitness in Individuals With Alcohol Use Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

This meta-analysis and systematic review examined the effects of exercise interventions on alcohol consumption and binge drinking in individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD). PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, SPORTDiscus, and ERIC databases. Peer-reviewed randomized controlled trials published in English between 1970 and 2021.

Cardiovascular, Cellular, and Neural Adaptations to Hot Yoga versus Normal-Temperature Yoga.

Context: Chronic heat exposure promotes cardiovascular and cellular adaptations, improving an organism's ability to tolerate subsequent stressors. Heat exposure may also promote neural adaptations and alter the neural-hormonal stress response. Hot-temperature yoga (HY) combines mind-body exercise with heat exposure.

The Effects of Fast and Slow Yoga Breathing on Cerebral and Central Hemodynamics.

Background: Yoga breathing has shown to impose significant cardiovascular and psychological health benefits.

Objective: The mechanism (s) responsible for these health benefits remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to assess the differences in cerebral and central hemodynamic responses following fast breathing (FB) and slow breathing (SB) protocols compared to breathing awareness (BA) as a control.

Exercise-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation Improves Cognitive Function Among Patients With Cardiovascular Disease.

Purpose: To investigate the effects of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) exercise training on cognitive performance and whether the changes are associated with alterations in prefrontal cortex (PFC) oxygenation among patients with cardiovascular disease.

Methods: Twenty (men: n = 15; women: n = 5) participants from an outpatient CR program were enrolled in the study. Each participant completed a cognitive performance test battery and a submaximal graded treadmill evaluation on separate occasions prior to and again upon completion of 18 individualized CR sessions.

The Combined Effect of Exercise and Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Behavioral therapy (BT) and exercise are efficacious treatments for depression and anxiety when employed separately. The combination of BT and exercise (BT+Ex) may augment improvements but the combined effect of these therapies is not fully elucidated. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to determine if BT+Ex yielded a significant reduction in depression and anxiety symptoms compared to BT alone (BT).

Exercise-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation Modulates Prefrontal Cortex Oxygenation during Submaximal Exercise Testing in Cardiovascular Disease Patients.

The purpose of this study was to investigate if prefrontal cortex (PFC) oxygenation during incremental exercise is altered among cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients who completed 6 weeks of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR). Nineteen (male = 14, female = 5; 65.5 ± 11.

Exercise Prescription Guidelines for Cardiovascular Disease Patients in the Absence of a Baseline Stress Test.

Aerobic exercise is a core component of cardiac rehabilitation (CR). Leading organizations recommend that the exercise prescriptions should be based on a symptom limited baseline graded exercise test (GXT). However, recent evidence suggests that only ~30% of CR clinics perform baseline GXTs.

Acute Aerobic Exercise Based Cognitive and Motor Priming: Practical Applications and Mechanisms.

Acute exercise stimulates brain regions involved in motor and cognitive processes. Recent research efforts have explored the benefits of aerobic exercise on brain health and cognitive functioning with positive results reported for both healthy and neurocognitively impaired individuals. Specifically, exercise positioned near therapeutic (both behavioral and physical) activities may enhance outcomes associated with treatment outcomes (e.

Heat acclimation-induced intracellular HSP70 in humans: a meta-analysis.

Heat acclimation (HA) in humans promotes thermoregulatory adaptations that support management of core temperature in hot environments and reduces the likelihood of heat related illness. Another adaptation to HA is thermotolerance through induction of the heat shock protein (HSP) stress system, which provides protection against thermal insult. However, whether or not HA leads to upregulation of the intracellular HSP system, namely intracellular HSP70 (HSP70), is unclear in humans.

Comparison of Treadmill and Cycle Ergometer Exercise During Cardiac Rehabilitation: A Meta-analysis.

Objective: To compare treadmill versus cycling-based exercise in cardiac rehabilitation (CR) on functional capacity (FC) outcomes.

Data Source: Databases were searched for randomized studies using single modality continuous exercise.

Study Selection: Studies implemented a continuous cycling or treadmill protocol for patients with either coronary artery disease (CAD) or chronic heart failure (CHF).

Exercise and Neural Adaptations: Designing a Novel Treatment for Alcohol Addiction.

Context: Multiple forms of behavioral therapies have been developed to treat alcohol abuse disorders (AUDs). Despite positive outcomes during and immediately after behavioral treatment, 60% to 90% of patients relapse in the year after treatment. Combined approaches have also been developed, but similar high relapse rates have occurred.

The Influence of Exercise Workload Progression Across 36 Sessions of Cardiac Rehabilitation on Functional Capacity.

Defining time frames throughout cardiac rehabilitation (CR) to progress exercise workloads may lead to improve functional capacity outcomes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of exercise progression on functional capacity among cardiac patients enrolled in CR. This was a retrospective database analysis study.

Exercise Intensity Influences Prefrontal Cortex Oxygenation during Cognitive Testing.

Activation changes in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) regions have been linked to acute exercise-induced improvements in cognitive performance. The type of exercise performed may influence PFC activation, and further impact cognitive function. The present study aimed to compare PFC activation during cognitive testing after moderate-intensity, high intensity, and yoga exercises, and to determine if PFC activation is linked to cognitive performance.