Anaerobic Mycobacterium tuberculosis Cell Death Stems from Intracellular Acidification Mitigated by the DosR Regulon.

is a strict aerobe capable of prolonged survival in the absence of oxygen. We investigated the ability of anaerobic to counter challenges to internal pH homeostasis in the absence of aerobic respiration, the primary mechanism of proton efflux for aerobic bacilli. Anaerobic populations were markedly impaired for survival under a mildly acidic pH relative to standard culture conditions.

Cytosolic phospholipase Aα increases proliferation and de-differentiation of human renal tubular epithelial cells.

The group IVA calcium-dependent cytosolic phospholipase A (cPLAα) enzyme controls the release of arachidonic acid from membrane bound phospholipids and is the rate-limiting step in production of eicosanoids. A variety of different kidney injuries activate cPLAα, therefore we hypothesized that cPLAα activity would regulate pathologic processes in HK-2 cells, a human renal tubular epithelial cell line, by regulating cell phenotype and proliferation. In two lentiviral cPLAα-silenced knockdowns, we observed decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis compared to control HK-2 cells.