The Bridge Builder: Charity Scott's Expansive Vision for Lawyers, Health, and Society.

Balancing on a tightrope twenty feet above the ground is outside the comfort zones of many health law professors. Being there forces you to consider in new ways yourself, your skills, and your surroundings. Fears arise, and yet you must still act.

An electronic cigarette pod system delivering 6-methyl nicotine, a synthetic nicotine analog, marketed in the United States as "PMTA exempt".

As of April 14, 2022, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has been authorized to regulate tobacco products containing nicotine from any source, including synthetic, requiring manufacturers to submit a premarket tobacco product application (PMTA). A recent report by the World Health Organization (WHO) warned that non-nicotine tobacco alkaloids or other synthetic nicotine analogs could be used by manufacturers to bypass regulatory schemes focusing on nicotine alone. From October 2023 on, vape stores in the United States started selling a new electronic cigarette pod system, named Spree Bar, advertised as "PMTA exempt", with youth-appealing flavors and advertising.

Testing potential disclosures for e-cigarette sponsorship on social media.

Objectives: Few e-cigarette social media posts are authentic posts to friends; most come from commercially sponsored influencers. Potential disclosure strategies need to be tested to confirm whether users recognize such posts as commercially sponsored.

Methods: Between July - August 2019, young adult (ages 16-24; n = 200) participants were recruited to view their native Instagram feed on a laboratory mobile device.

Youth-appealing features in popular e-cigarette brand advertising in the USA after heightened scrutiny in 2018.

Purpose: Youth electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use remains high in the USA, and advertising is a contributor. The purpose of this study was to identify themes and characteristics of popular e-cigarette companies' advertising after e-cigarette companies became more highly scrutinised in 2018.

Methods: Using a systematic, quantitative content analysis, three trained coders coded e-cigarette advertisements from JUUL, Puff Bar, Vuse and Blu from 2019 and 2020.

Beyond Strong Enforcement: Understanding the Factors Related to Retailer Compliance With Tobacco 21.

Introduction: Tobacco 21 (T21), which sets the minimum legal sales age for tobacco to age 21, is now a national law in the United States. Although T21 is expected to help curb youth tobacco use, its impact may be dampened due to poor retailer compliance. Even within environments where enforcement is strong (ie, compliance checks are conducted with tough sanctions for violations), compliance might vary due to other factors.

E-Cigarettes and the Multiple Responsibilities of the FDA.

This paper considers the responsibilities of the FDA with regard to disseminating information about the benefits and harms of e-cigarettes. Tobacco harm reduction advocates claim that the FDA has been overcautious and has violated ethical obligations by failing to clearly communicate to the public that e-cigarettes are far less harmful than cigarettes. We argue, by contrast, that the FDA's obligations in this arena are more complex than they may appear at first blush.

Electronic cigarette use and risk of cigarette and smokeless tobacco initiation among adolescent boys: A propensity score matched analysis.

Introduction: Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use among adolescents is associated with increased risk of subsequent cigarette smoking initiation in observational research. However, the existing research was not designed to answer causal questions about whether adolescent e-cigarette users would have initiated cigarette smoking if they had never used e-cigarettes. The current study used a causal inference framework to identify whether male adolescent e-cigarette users were at increased risk of initiating cigarette smoking and smokeless tobacco (SLT) use, compared to similar boys who had never used e-cigarettes.

Impact of Cigarette Filter Ventilation on U.S. Smokers' Perceptions and Biomarkers of Exposure and Potential Harm.

Background: Relationships between cigarette filter ventilation levels, biomarkers of exposure (BOE) and potential harm (BOPH), and harm perceptions were examined.

Methods: Filter ventilation levels in cigarette brands were merged with Wave 1 (2013-2014) Population Assessment of Tobacco Use and Health study. Data were restricted to smokers who reported a usual brand and not regular users of other tobacco products.

Adverse effects of electronic cigarettes on the disease-naive oral microbiome.

Six percent of Americans, including 3 million high schoolers, use e-cigarettes, which contain potentially toxic substances, volatile organic compounds, and metals. We present the first human study on the effects of e-cigarette exposure in the oral cavity. By interrogating both immunoinflammatory responses and microbial functional dynamics, we discovered pathogen overrepresentation, higher virulence signatures, and a brisk proinflammatory signal in clinically healthy e-cigarette users, equivalent to patients with severe periodontitis.

Juul and the upsurge of e-cigarette use among college undergraduates.

Objective: Examine trends in e-cigarette use, and Juul use specifically, among U.S. college students.

Nicotine Reduction in Cigarettes: Literature Review and Gap Analysis.

Background: The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is considering reducing nicotine levels in cigarettes to "minimally or non-addictive levels." However, important research gaps remain, and the FDA must determine when the available research is sufficient to support moving forward.

Methods: The authors conducted a systematic review of research articles in PubMed relating to nicotine reduction.

Risk Assessment for Tobacco Regulation.

Risk assessment is a process that uses a transparent, reproducible and pre-established methodology to evaluate alternatives for managing health-related risks. Although an array of federal agencies regularly use risk assessment to inform regulatory decisions, its application to tobacco regulation is new. By comparing examples of FDA risk assessments for food and tobacco, this paper highlights some of the challenges inherent in applying risk assessment methodologies to tobacco regulation.

The Role of Advocacy in Public Health Law.

This article discusses how advocacy can be taught to both law and public health students, as well as the role that public health law faculty can play in advocating for public health. Despite the central role that advocacy plans in translating public health research into law, policy advocacy skills are rarely explicitly taught in either law schools or schools of public health, leaving those engaged in public health practice unclear about whether and how to advocate for effective policies. The article explains how courses in public health law and health justice provide ideal opportunities to teach advocacy skills, and it discusses the work of the George Consortium, which seeks to engage public health law faculty in advocacy efforts.