Multisensory-inspired modeling and neural correlates for two key binocular interactions.

Most binocular vision models assume that the two eyes sum incompletely. However, some facilitatory cortical neurons fire for only one eye, but amplify their firing rates if both eyes are stimulated. These 'binocular gate' neurons closely resemble subthreshold multisensory neurons.

Color Vision Testing, Standards, and Visual Performance of the U.S. Military.

Introduction: Color vision deficiency (CVD) is a disqualifying condition for military special duty occupations. Color vision testing and standards vary slightly among the U.S.

A simple vector-like law for perceptual information combination is also followed by a class of cortical multisensory bimodal neurons.

An interdisciplinary approach to sensory information combination shows a correspondence between perceptual and neural measures of nonlinear multisensory integration. In psychophysics, sensory information combinations are often characterized by the Minkowski formula, but the neural substrates of many psychophysical multisensory interactions are unknown. We show that audiovisual interactions - for both psychophysical detection threshold data and cortical bimodal neurons - obey similar vector-like Minkowski models, suggesting that cortical bimodal neurons could underlie multisensory perceptual sensitivity.

Exploring the Interaction Between Head-Supported Mass, Posture, and Visual Stress on Neck Muscle Activation.

Objective: Assess neck muscle activity for varying interactions between helmet, posture, and visual stress in a simulated "helo-hunch" posture.

Background: Military aviators frequently report neck pain (NP). Risk factors for NP include head-supported mass, awkward postures, and mental workload.

Deficits in Visual Processing During Hypoxia as Evidenced by Visual Mismatch Negativity.

Hypoxia is an ever-present threat in tactical aviation and gained recent attention due to its putative role in physiological episodes. Previous work has demonstrated that hypoxia negatively impacts a variety of sensory, cognitive, and motor systems. In particular, the visual system is one of the earliest systems affected by hypoxia.

Effects of Intermediate-Tinted Lenses on Pistol Marksmanship and Visual Performance.

Introduction: The standard issue clear or sun Military Combat Eye Protection (MCEP) is often inadequate in visually challenging training or combat environment. Intermediate-tinted lenses may offer a viable option for warfighters operating in dynamic visual conditions such as moving rapidly from bright sunny areas to darker building interiors in combat. Because the use of intermediate-tinted lenses has been delayed as a result of a potential negative impact on vision performance such as color perception, this investigation evaluated several commercially available intermediate-tinted lenses for operation performance during a U.

Evaluation of Aircrew Low-Intensity Threat Laser Eye Protection.

Prototype low-intensity threat laser eye protection (LIT-LEP) spectacles were evaluated for US Coast Guard (USCG) cockpits and night vision goggle compatibility. The impetus for interest in aviation LIT-LEP is driven in part by the fact that easily accessible 0.5-2.