Extracellular vesicle-based anti-HOXB7 CD8 T cell-specific vaccination strengthens antitumor effects induced by vaccination against Her2/neu.

We previously developed an innovative strategy to induce CD8 T lymphocyte-immunity through in vivo engineering of extracellular vesicles (EVs). This approach relies on intramuscular injection of DNA expressing antigens of interest fused at a biologically-inactive HIV-1 Nef protein mutant (Nef). Nef is very efficiently incorporated into EVs, thus conveying large amounts of fusion proteins into EVs released by transfected cells.