Neural mobilization in low back and radicular pain: a systematic review.

Background: Low back pain can present with radicular pain caused by lumbosacral nerve root pathology. Neural mobilization (NM) is a treatment technique used to treat low back and radicular pain (LBRP).

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of NM interventions in improving pain, disability, and function in adults with LBRP.

The phenotypic effects of spontaneous mutations in different environments.

Understanding the context dependence of mutation represents the current frontier of mutation research. In particular, understanding how traits vary in their abilities to accrue mutational variation and how the environment influences expression of mutant phenotypes yields insight into evolutionary processes. We conducted phenotypic assays in four environments using a set of Daphnia pulex mutation accumulation lines to examine the context dependence of mutation.