Central Review of Amyloid-Related Imaging Abnormalities in Two Phase III Clinical Trials of Bapineuzumab in Mild-To-Moderate Alzheimer's Disease Patients.

Background: Amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA) consist of ARIA-E (with effusion or edema) and ARIA-H (hemosiderin deposits [HDs]).

Objectives: To address accurate ascertainment of ARIA identification, a final magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reading was performed on patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease randomized to bapineuzumab IV or placebo during two Phase III trials (APOE ɛ4 allele carriers or noncarriers).

Methods: Final MRI central review consisted of a systematic sequential locked, adjudicated read in 1,331 APOE ɛ4 noncarriers and 1,121 carriers by independent neuroradiologists.

Scoring flow restoration in cerebral angiograms after endovascular revascularization in acute ischemic stroke patients.

Endovascular revascularization techniques are increasingly used to treat arterial occlusions in patients with acute ischemic stroke. To monitor and communicate treatment results, a valid, reproducible, and clinically relevant, yet easy to use grading scheme of arterial recanalization and tissue reperfusion for digital subtraction angiography is needed. An ideal scoring system would consider the target arterial lesion, the perfusion deficit, and the collateral status before treatment and measure recanalization, reperfusion, early venous shunting, vasospasm, as well as distal embolization after flow restoration.

MR imaging features of amyloid-related imaging abnormalities.

Background And Purpose: AD is one of the few leading causes of death without a disease-modifying drug; however, hopeful agents are in various phases of development. MR imaging abnormalities, collectively referred to as amyloid-related imaging abnormalities, have been reported for several agents that target cerebral Aβ burden. ARIA includes ARIA-E, parenchymal or sulcal hyperintensities on FLAIR indicative of parenchymal edema or sulcal effusions, and ARIA-H, hypointense regions on gradient recalled-echo/T2* indicative of hemosiderin deposition.

Neuroradiological findings in vascular dementia.

Introduction: There are multiple diagnostic criteria for vascular dementia (VaD) that may define different populations. Utilizing the criteria of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and Association Internationale pour la Recherche et l'Enseignement en Neurosciences (NINDS-AIREN) has provided improved consistency in the diagnosis of VaD. The criteria include a table listing brain imaging lesions associated with VaD.

Instrument for measuring angles in spine radiographs.

This study describes an instrument that is simple to use when measuring angles in spine radiographs. Compared to the conventional method, measurements obtained with this instrument are reproducible and are less time-consuming.

The dural tail sign--beyond meningioma.

There have been somewhat conflicting reports published about the significance of linear meningeal thickening and enhancement adjacent to peripherally located cranial mass lesions on contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) images. Most of the authors consider this so-called "dural tail sign" or "flare sign" almost specific for meningioma. This review illustrates the MR imaging findings of a wide spectrum of disorders that show this dural sign.

Fixed-flexion radiography of the knee provides reproducible joint space width measurements in osteoarthritis.

The validity of a non-fluoroscopic fixed-flexion radiographic acquisition and analysis protocol for measurement of joint space width (JSW) in knee osteoarthritis is determined. A cross-sectional study of 165 patients with documented knee osteoarthritis participating in a multicenter, prospective study of chondroprotective agents was performed. All patients had posteroanterior, weight-bearing, fixed-flexion radiography with 10 degrees caudal beam angulation.

Multispectral analysis of bone lesions in the hands of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Quantitative measures of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease progression can provide valuable tools for evaluation of new treatments during clinical trials. In this study, a novel multispectral (MS) MRI analysis method is presented to quantify changes in bone lesion volume (DeltaBLV) in the hands of RA patients. Image registration and MS analysis were employed to identify MS tissue class transitions between two serial MRI exams.

Use of multispectral magnetic resonance imaging analysis to quantify erosive changes in the hands of patients with rheumatoid arthritis: short-term and long-term longitudinal studies.

Objective: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been shown to be more sensitive than radiography for detecting bone erosions in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Semiquantitative scoring based on visual image assessment has been introduced. However, there is considerable interest in true quantitative measures, particularly in the context of clinical trials designed to show differences between treatment groups.

CT and MR imaging of central nervous system effects of therapy in patients treated for hematological malignancies.

The purpose of this article is to present the imaging appearance of central nervous system effects of therapy that may occur in patients treated for hematological malignancies. Imaging in these patients relates to complications of high-dose therapy, bone marrow transplantation, infections occurring in immunocompromised patients, central nervous system dysfunction due to failure of other organ systems, or cerebral hemorrhages due to platelet refractoriness. Rapid and accurate diagnosis is essential but often difficult, as neurological manifestations are rarely disease specific.

Whole-Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (WORMS) of the knee in osteoarthritis.

Objectives: To describe a semi-quantitative scoring method for multi-feature, whole-organ evaluation of the knee in osteoarthritis (OA) based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. To determine the inter-observer agreement of this scoring method. To examine associations among the features included in the scoring method.

MR findings in knee osteoarthritis.

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of disability. Recent advances in drug discovery techniques and improvements in understanding the pathophysiology of osteoarthritic disorders have resulted in an unprecedented number of new therapeutic agents. Of all imaging modalities, radiography has been the most widely used for the diagnosis and management of the progression of knee OA.

Metallic artefacts in MR imaging: effects of main field orientation and strength.

Aim: To determine the effect of metallic implant positioning on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging artefacts, and to determine the optimal imaging parameters for minimization of metallic artefacts.

Materials And Methods: In a phantom and in three joints with non-ferromagnetic metallic implants imaged at 1.5 and/or at 0.

Comparison of fixed-flexion positioning with fluoroscopic semi-flexed positioning for quantifying radiographic joint-space width in the knee: test-retest reproducibility.

Objective: To compare fixed-flexion radiography of the knee with fluoroscopic semi-flexed radiography in terms of the reproducibility of measurements of minimum joint-space width (JSW) in the medial femorotibial joint.

Methods: Posteroanterior radiographs of the right knees of 18 normal volunteers were acquired with the patients standing on an upright fluoroscopy table, the feet externally rotated 10 degrees and the toes touching the vertical table. Knees were positioned and radiographed with two different techniques: (1) semi-flexed positioning under fluoroscopic guidance using a horizontal X-ray beam; and (2) fixed-flexion positioning, with the knees and thighs touching the vertical table, using 10 degrees caudal beam angulation without fluoroscopy.

Invasive central nervous system aspergillosis in bone marrow transplantation recipients: an overview.

Invasive central nervous system aspergillosis is being seen with an increased frequency, particularly due to the increased number of immunosuppressed patients. The major cause of invasive central nervous system aspergillosis is bone marrow transplantation. In most cases, aspergillosis develops in the paranasal sinuses and in the lungs, and secondarily spreads to the brain.

[Intracranial dural arteriovenous fistula with perimedullary venous drainage].

Two cases of intracranial dural arterio-venous fistula (DAVF) with perimedullary venous drainage are reported. In both cases, MRI T2-weighted (T2W) images showed an hypersignal within the cervical cord with sparing of the thoracic cord. In one case perimedullary vessels were demonstrated on T1W images after gadolinium i.

Imaging findings of central nervous system neuroepithelial cysts.

Neuroepithelial cysts are rare and mostly asymptomatic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-like cysts. We describe herein the imaging findings in five patients with neuroepithelial cysts. Two cases of proven and three of presumed neuroepithelial cysts are presented.

Imaging of spinal cord compression due to thoracic extramedullary haematopoiesis in myelofibrosis.

We describe a case of spinal cord compression secondary to extramedullary haematopoiesis in a patient with primary myelofibrosis. We show that MRI should be the procedure of choice for patients suspected of this condition. Furthermore, it could be of value for assessing the extent of cord compression, planning radiotherapy and for follow-up.

Dilatation of deep medullary veins in cortical venous occlusion due to focal tuberculous leptomeningitis.

We report a case of surgically proven, focal left parietal tuberculous leptomeningitis. Occlusion of superficial cerebral veins in the affected area led to dilatation of medullary veins to drain the left parietal lobe. Deep medullary veins were clearly demonstrated on MRI and angiography.