Gut microecological regulation on bronchiolitis and asthma in children: A review.

Introduction: Asthma and bronchiolitis in children are considered common clinical problems associated with gut microbiota. However, the exact relationship between gut microbiota and the above-mentioned diseases remains unclear. Here, we discussed recent advances in understanding the potential mechanism underlying immune regulation of gut microbiota on asthma and bronchiolitis in children as well as the role of the gut-lung axis.

Butyric acid alleviated chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced lipid formation and inflammation through up-regulating HuR expression and inactivating AMPK pathways.

To investigate whether butyric acid could alleviate chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH)-induced lipid formation in human preadipocytes-subcutaneous (HPA-s) through accumulation of human antigen R (HuR) and inactivation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, HPA-s were obtained and divided into three groups: Control group: cells were cultured under normal conditions; CIH group: cells were cultured in a three-gas incubator (10% O2); Butyric acid group: 10 mmol/l butyric acid added into cell culture medium. HuR-siRNA was futher transfected into CIH group for verification the function of HuR. Oil Red O was implemented for observation of lipid droplets within cells.

Therapeutic effects and modulatory mechanism of Alpiniae oxyphyllae Fructus in chronic intermittent hypoxia induced enuresis in rats.

Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the effect of Alpiniae oxyphyllae Fructus (AOF) on a rat model of chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH)-induced enuresis. Findings of this study may help identify therapeutic targets in children with nocturnal enuresis (NE).

Methods: Female rats were randomly divided into a control group (saline gavage, 4 weeks of normal air), CIH group (saline gavage, 4 weeks of CIH), and AOF group (AOF gavage, 4 weeks of CIH).

Current perspectives on the correlation of nocturnal enuresis with obstructive sleep apnea in children.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and nocturnal enuresis (NE) are common clinical problems in children. OSA and NE are thought to be interrelated, but the exact pathophysiological mechanisms are not yet clear. This review aims to explain the possible pathogenesis of NE in children with OSA.

Decellularized tendon as a prospective scaffold for tendon repair.

Tendon injuries impose significant clinical burdens on healthcare systems worldwide. At present, no therapeutic methods can cure tendon injuries in an ideal manner. With the development and improvement of decellularization technology, tendon extracellular matrix (ECM) can develop into novel scaffolds with potential for repairing injured tendons.

Association of T lymphocyte immune imbalance and IL-10 gene polymorphism with the risk of obstructive sleep apnea in children with obesity.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the role of T lymphocyte immune imbalance and interleukin (IL)-10 gene polymorphism in the development of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in obese children.

Methods: One hundred obese children at high-risk and low-risk for OSA based upon a sleep questionnaire were selected. Peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets were measured by flow cytometry, and plasma IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-10 cytokines were detected by ELISA.

[Clinical value of portable sleep testing in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome].

Objective: To determine the clinical value of portable sleep testing by Watch-PAT (PAT) in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS).

Method: Fifty cases of snoring children aged 3-11 years were randomly selected to undergo the polysomnography (PSG) and PAT simultaneously at the same night. The consistency of sleep parameters in OSAS and non - OSAS children were compared with PSG as reference standard, and ROC curve analysis was performed to assess the sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of OSAS with PAT portable sleep monitor.

Obesity in children with different risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea: a community-based study.

Unlabelled: This study investigated the association between obesity and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in preschool and school-age children. Parents of obese and randomly chosen normal weight children completed a questionnaire on sleep-related symptoms, demography, family, and medical history. All subjects were invited to undergo polysomnography (PSG).

[Control study on antimicrobial resistance of invasive and non-invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae in children].

Objective: To investigate the antimicrobial resistance of invasive and non-invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) strains in children and to provide a basis for proper use of antimicrobial drugs in the treatment of SP infection.

Methods: Seventy children who were diagnosed with invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPD) between January 2009 and December 2013 were enrolled, and 164 children with lower respiratory tract infection caused by SP were randomly selected as the control group. The samples from sterile sites (blood, cerebrospinal fluid, etc) of children with IPD, as well as the sputum samples of children in the control group, were collected for bacterial culture, and the drug susceptibility tests for isolated SP strains were conducted.

[The role of phosphorylation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase in airway remodeling of asthmatic rats and the effect of glucocorticoids].

Objective: To study the role of phosphorylation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) in asthmatic airway remodeling and to explore the effect of glucocorticoids on IL-1beta, JNK and airway remodeling.

Methods: Forty-eight 4 - 6 week old male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups with 12 rats in each group: the control group, the asthma group, the budesonide (BUD) group, and the dexamethasone (DXM) group. The asthma airway remodeling models were made by intra-peritoneal injection of ovalbumin (OVA) on days 1 and 8 and inhalation of OVA every other day for 12 weeks since day 15.

[Role of c-Jun N-terminal kinase signal transduction pathway in the course of airway remodeling of asthma rat].

Objective: To study the role of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signal transduction pathway in the course of asthma airway remodeling, to explore whether IL-1beta participates in asthma airway remodeling mediated by JNK signal transduction pathway.

Methods: Totally 72 male Sprague-Dawlay rats (6 - 8 weeks old, weighing about 120 g) were randomly divided into control groups (36 rats) and asthma groups (36 rats). The rats were sensitized for inducing asthma by intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin and AL(OH)3 and were repeatedly exposed to aerosolized ovalbumin for 4, 8, 12 weeks (A4, A8, or A12 group), each had 12 rats, and correspondingly control rats were intraperitoneally injected with 0.

[Effect of Radix Astragali on signal transducer and activator of transcription activator-4 and its mRNA expression in a rat model of asthma].

Objective: To study the effect of Radix Astragali (RA) on the expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription-4 (STAT4) and its mRNA in the bronchus of a rat model of asthma.

Methods: Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: the control group, asthma group, high dosage of RA group and low dosage of RA group. In the experiment, the rat model of asthma was established by the ovalbumin (OVA) challenge methods.

[Biological characteristics of human peripheric CD4+ CD25- T cells isolated and cultured in vitro].

Aim: To isolate peripheric CD4(+) CD25(-) T cells in vitro, and study their biological characteristics.

Methods: Human peripheric blood CD4(+) CD25(-) T cells were isolated by discontinuous density gradient centrfugal and dynal immunomagnetic beads, and then divided into three groups: control group(A), LPS group (B) and LPS+TGF-beta1 mAb group (D), After they were prepared 4 h, 3 d and 5 d, the percentage of CD4(+) CD25(+) T cells were tested by FCM, the levels of TGF-beta1 in cultured supernatants were detected by ELISA, and the expression of FOXP3 mRNA was examined by RT-PCR.

Results: (1)LM showed CD4(+) CD25(-) T cells were of spherical cell nucleus, After CD4(+) CD25(-) T cells were cultured by anti-CD3/CD28 in vitro, their cellular volume increased and cytoplasm contained more particles.

[Regulative mechanism of dexamethasone on Toll-like receptor 4 signal transduction of infant asthma rat].

Objective: Eosinophilic airway inflammation is one of the basic characteristics of allergic asthma. Toll-like receptor is one of the most important innate immunity pattern recognition receptors. Glucocorticoids (GCS) are still the most effective treatment for asthma.

[Effect of achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides on signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 and its mRNA expression in a rat model of asthma].

Aim: To study the effect of achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides(ABPS) on the expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 and its mRNA in bronchus of a rat model of asthma.

Methods: Thirty male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: the control group, asthma group and ABPS group. The total cell numbers, eosinophils (EOS) numbers and differentiated cell numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were counted by different count fluids.