Rapid identification of high and low cadmium (Cd) accumulating rice cultivars using machine learning models with molecular markers and soil Cd levels as input data.

Excessive accumulation of cadmium (Cd) in rice grains threatens food safety and human health. Growing low Cd accumulating rice cultivars is an effective approach to produce low-Cd rice. However, field screening of low-Cd rice cultivars is laborious, time-consuming, and subjected to the influence of environment × genotype interactions.