[Source and Cause Analysis of High Concentration of Inorganic Aerosol During Two Typical Pollution Processes in Winter over Tianjin].

Inorganic aerosol is the main component of haze days in winter over Tianjin. In this study, two typical high concentrations of secondary inorganic aerosol (SIA) processes, defined as CASE1 and CASE2, were selected during polluted days in January 2020 over Tianjin, and the effects of meteorological factors, regional transport, and chemical processes were comprehensively investigated combined with observations and numerical models (WRF-NAQPMS). The average SIA concentrations in CASE1 and CASE2 were 76.

Crohn's disease as the intestinal manifestation of pan-lymphatic dysfunction: An exploratory proposal based on basic and clinical data.

Crohn's disease (CD) is caused by immune, environmental, and genetic factors. It can involve the entire gastrointestinal tract, and although its prevalence is rapidly increasing its etiology remains unclear. Emerging biological and small-molecule drugs have advanced the treatment of CD; however, a considerable proportion of patients are non-responsive to all known drugs.

Effect of external acetate added in aquaculture wastewater on mixotrophic cultivation of microalgae, nutrient removal, and membrane contamination in a membrane photobioreactor.

The mixotrophic cultivation of microalgae in wastewater has attracted extensive attention due to its many advantages. In this study, acetate, which can be prepared by hydrolysis of aquaculture waste, was used as exogenous organic matter to promote the growth of Chlorella pyrenoidosa cultured in aquaculture wastewater. Microalgae cultivation was carried out in a membrane photobioreactor (MPBR) with continuous inflow and outflow mode.

Antagonizing adipose tissue-derived exosome miR-103-hepatocyte phosphatase and tensin homolog pathway alleviates autophagy in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: A trans-cellular crosstalk.

Background: Obesity plays a vital role in the occurrence and development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, the underlining mechanism is still unclear, where adipose tissue (AT) derived exosomes may actively participate. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are commonly secreted from exosomes for cell communication.

High-fat diet aggravates colitis mesenteric adipose tissue derived exosome metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1.

Background: Obesity is associated with an increased risk of developing Crohn's disease (CD), higher disease activity, and comparatively worse clinical outcomes.

Aim: To investigate the role of mesenteric adipose tissue-derived exosomes in the pathogenesis of CD aggravation in obese individuals.

Methods: First, we induced colitis in mice initiated on high-fat and normal diets and compared the severity of colitis.

Palmitoylation in Crohn's disease: Current status and future directions.

S-palmitoylation is one of the most common post-translational modifications in nature; however, its importance has been overlooked for decades. Crohn's disease (CD), a subtype of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation involving the entire gastrointestinal tract. Bowel damage and subsequent disabilities caused by CD are a growing global health issue.

Response of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris to Cr stress and continuous Cr removal in a membrane photobioreactor.

This study evaluated the toxicity of Cr(VI) to microalgae Chlorella vulgaris, and its removal by continuous microalgae cultivation in membrane photobioreactor (MPBR). Batch cultivation in photobioreactors showed that low concentration of Cr(VI) (0.5 and 1.

Simultaneous removal of nutrient and sulfonamides from marine aquaculture wastewater by concentrated and attached cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris in an algal biofilm membrane photobioreactor (BF-MPBR).

Microalgae based wastewater treatment has attracted increasing attention for its many advantages in recent years. In this study, a novel microalgae biofilm membrane photobioreactor (BF-MPBR) was developed for the efficient microalgae cultivation and the removal of nutrient and sulfonamides (SAs) from marine aquaculture wastewater. Two BF-MPBRs with hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 1 day and 2 days respectively were continuously operated for 70 days without harvesting microalgae.

Effect of organic carbon to nitrogen ratio in wastewater on growth, nutrient uptake and lipid accumulation of a mixotrophic microalgae Chlorella sp.

This study investigated the biomass/lipid production, nutrient removal and fatty acid composition of an isolated mixotrophic microalga (Chlorella sp. G-9) cultured in simulated wastewater with different TOC/TN ratio. As the TOC/TN ratio of wastewater increased from 0 to 24, the growth rate of Chlorella sp.

Fluorofenidone protects against renal fibrosis by inhibiting STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation.

Signaling through the Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway, especially JAK2/STAT3, is involved in renal fibrosis. Fluorofenidone (FD), a novel pyridone agent, exerts anti-fibrotic effects in vitro and in vivo. Herein, we sought to investigate whether FD demonstrates its inhibitory function through preventing JAK2/STAT3 pathway.

Losartan inhibits LPS + ATP-induced IL-1beta secretion from mouse primary macrophages by suppressing NALP3 inflammasome.

Objectives: IL-1beta is a potent proinflammatory, pro-fibrogenetic and pro-athrosclerosis cytokine which has been shown to play an important role in an expanding number of noninfectious, chronic inflammatory conditions including cardiovascular disease, renal fibrosis, rheumatoid arthritis and even type 2 diabetes. Losartan is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist widely used for the treatment of hypertension, diabetic nephropathy and congestive heart failure. In this study, we attempted to clarify whether losartan has an inhibitory effect on IL-1beta.

Differential coordination demands in Fe versus Mn water-soluble cationic metalloporphyrins translate into remarkably different aqueous redox chemistry and biology.

The different biological behavior of cationic Fe and Mn pyridylporphyrins in Escherichia coli and mouse studies prompted us to revisit and compare their chemistry. For that purpose, the series of ortho and meta isomers of Fe(III) meso-tetrakis-N-alkylpyridylporphyrins, alkyl being methyl to n-octyl, were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, UV/vis spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, lipophilicity, protonation equilibria of axial waters, metal-centered reduction potential, E(1/2) for M(III)P/M(II)P redox couple (M = Fe, Mn, P = porphyrin), kcat for the catalysis of O2(•-) dismutation, stability toward peroxide-driven porphyrin oxidative degradation (produced in the catalysis of ascorbate oxidation by MP), ability to affect growth of SOD-deficient E. coli, and toxicity to mice.

Synthesis and structure-activity relationship of 5-substituent-2(1H)-pyridone derivatives as anti-fibrosis agents.

Pyridone compounds, such as pirfenidone (PFD) and fluorofenidone (AKF-PD), are multi-target anti-fibrotic agents. Using PFD and AKF-PD as the leading compounds, two series of novel (5-substituent)-2(1H)-pyridone compounds were synthesized with the purpose of maintaining multi-targeting property and overcoming the drawbacks of fast metabolism. These derivatives demonstrated good proliferation inhibiting activity against NIH3T3 cells by MTT assay with AKF-PD as the positive control.

[Impact of rosuvastatin on atherosclerosis lesions in apolipoprotein E knockout mice].

Objective: To investigate the effect of rosuvastatin on atherosclerosis in apoE-knockout (apoE-/-) mice.

Methods: Eighteen 6-week-old apoE-/- mice fed with high fat diet were used as atherosclerosis models, twelve 6-week-old C57BL/6 mice fed with normal diet were used as control. After twelve weeks, six apoE-/- mice were used to observe the formation of atherosclerosis.

Fluorofenidone attenuates diabetic nephropathy and kidney fibrosis in db/db mice.

Background/aims: Fluorofenidone [1-(3-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-2-(1H)-pyridone, AKF-PD], a novel pyridone agent, showed potent antifibrotic properties. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of AKF-PD on diabetic nephropathy and kidney fibrosis, and to obtain an insight into its mechanisms of action.

Methods: We administered AKF-PD to diabetic db/db mice for 12 weeks.