Promoted Two-Step Ammonia Synthesis with CoOOH/Co foam at Ampere-Level Current Density and Nearly 100% Faraday Efficiency from Air and Water.

Ammonia (NH) is regarded as an essential hydrogen storage material in the new energy field, and plasma-electrocatalytic synthesis of NH (PESA) is an alternative to the traditional Haber-Bosch process. Here, a bifunctional catalyst CoOOH/CF is proposed to enhance the PESA process. Benefiting from the efficient activation of O by CoOOH/CF, NO yield rate can reach the highest value of 171.

Heterospecific pollen avoidance strategy prevails in the generalized plant-pollinator network on Yongxing Island.

Heterospecific pollen (HP) deposition varies widely among species in communities, which has been explicated by two adaptation strategies: HP avoidance and HP tolerance. Studies of the plant-pollinator network have uncovered that oceanic island communities are highly generalized and strongly connected. It remains unclear, however, which strategy prevails in such communities.

Calcium gluconate-based flame retardant towards simultaneously high-efficiency fire safety and mechanical enhancement for epoxy resin.

Flame retardants containing biomass receive growing interest in environmental friendliness and sustainability but usually face the low flame-retardant efficiency and deterioration on mechanical property of matrix. Herein, a calcium gluconate-based flame retardant (CG@APP) was chemically prepared using calcium gluconate (CG) and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) via ion exchange reaction, and enabled the excellent fire safety and mechanical enhancement for epoxy resin (EP). The resulted EP composites containing 6 wt% CG@APP (EP/CG@APP6) exhibited V-0 ratings in UL-94 test.

Gram-level NH Electrosynthesis via NO reduction on a Cu Activated Co Electrode.

Ambient electrochemical ammonia (NH ) synthesis is one promising alternative to the energy-intensive Haber-Bosch route. However, the industrial requirement for the electrochemical NH production with amperes current densities or gram-level NH yield remains a grand challenge. Herein, we report the high-rate NH production via NO reduction using the Cu activated Co electrode in a bipolar membrane (BPM) assemble electrolyser, wherein BPM maintains the ion balance and the liquid level of electrolyte.

A Bifunctional Catalyst for Green Ammonia Synthesis from Ubiquitous Air and Water.

Ammonia (NH ) is essential for modern agriculture and industry, and, due to its high hydrogen density and no carbon emission, it is also expected to be the next-generation of "clean" energy carrier. Herein, directly from air and water, a plasma-electrocatalytic reaction system for NH production, which combines two steps of plasma-air-to-NO and electrochemical NO reduction reaction (eNO RR) with a bifunctional catalyst, is successfully established. Especially, the bifunctional catalyst of CuCo O /Ni can simultaneously promote plasma-air-to-NO and eNO RR processes.

MicroRNA-339-5p inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced rat mesangial cells by regulating the Syk/Ras/c-Fos pathway.

Chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) is a disease occurred in glomeruli. The mechanism of CGN is regarded to be involved in a range of inflammatory responses. MicroRNA-339-5p (miR-339-5p) has been reported to be involved in inflammatory responses in many diseases.

Hybrid solid electrolyte enabled dendrite-free Li anodes for high-performance quasi-solid-state lithium-oxygen batteries.

The dendrite growth of Li anodes severely degrades the performance of lithium-oxygen (Li-O) batteries. Recently, hybrid solid electrolyte (HSE) has been regarded as one of the most promising routes to tackle this problem. However, before this is realized, the HSE needs to simultaneously satisfy contradictory requirements of high modulus and even, flexible contact with Li anode, while ensuring uniform Li distribution.

Chloroplast genome structure and phylogenetic position of Shuo Yu & den Hartog.

is widely distributed in marine and inland saline habitats in temperate and tropical regions. In this study, the complete chloroplast genome sequence of was successfully obtained using Illumina sequencing. The full length of the chloroplast genome length was 158,897 bp with a typical quadripartite structure: one large single copy (LSC) region (88,952 bp), one small single copy (SSC) region (19,047 bp), and a pair of inverted repeats (IR) (25,449 bp each).

Generating Defect-Rich Bismuth for Enhancing the Rate of Nitrogen Electroreduction to Ammonia.

The electrochemical N fixation, which is far from practical application in aqueous solution under ambient conditions, is extremely challenging and requires a rational design of electrocatalytic centers. We observed that bismuth (Bi) might be a promising candidate for this task because of its weak binding with H adatoms, which increases the selectivity and production rate. Furthermore, we successfully synthesized defect-rich Bi nanoplates as an efficient noble-metal-free N reduction electrocatalyst via a low-temperature plasma bombardment approach.

Recent Advances toward the Rational Design of Efficient Bifunctional Air Electrodes for Rechargeable Zn-Air Batteries.

Large-scale application of renewable energy and rapid development of electric vehicles have brought unprecedented demand for advanced energy-storage/conversion technologies and equipment. Rechargeable zinc (Zn)-air batteries represent one of the most promising candidates because of their high energy density, safety, environmental friendliness, and low cost. The air electrode plays a key role in managing the many complex physical and chemical processes occurring on it to achieve high performance of Zn-air batteries.

Amorphizing of Au Nanoparticles by CeO -RGO Hybrid Support towards Highly Efficient Electrocatalyst for N Reduction under Ambient Conditions.

Ammonia synthesis is one of the most kinetically complex and energetically challenging chemical processes in industry and has used the Harber-Bosch catalyst for over a century, which is processed under both harsh pressure (150-350 atm) and hightemperature (623-823 K), wherein the energy and capital intensive Harber-Bosch process has a huge energy cost accounting for about 1%-3% of human's energy consumption. Therefore, there has been a rough and vigorous exploration to find an environmentally benign alternative process. As the amorphous material is in a metastable state and has many "dangling bonds", it is more active than the crystallized one.

Au Sub-Nanoclusters on TiO toward Highly Efficient and Selective Electrocatalyst for N Conversion to NH at Ambient Conditions.

As the NN bond in N is one of the strongest bonds in chemistry, the fixation of N to ammonia is a kinetically complex and energetically challenging reaction and, up to now, its synthesis is still heavily relying on energy and capital intensive Haber-Bosch process (150-350 atm, 350-550 °C), wherein the input of H and energy are largely derived from fossil fuels and thus result in large amount of CO emission. In this paper, it is demonstrated that by using Au sub-nanoclusters (≈0.5 nm ) embedded on TiO (Au loading is 1.

Electrochemical Reduction of N under Ambient Conditions for Artificial N Fixation and Renewable Energy Storage Using N /NH Cycle.

Using tetrahexahedral gold nanorods as a heterogeneous electrocatalyst, an electrocatalytic N reduction reaction is shown to be possible at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, with a high Faradic efficiency up to 4.02% at -0.2 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (1.

Habitat loss other than fragmentation per se decreased nuclear and chloroplast genetic diversity in a monoecious tree.

Generally, effect of fragmentation per se on biodiversity has not been separated from the effect of habitat loss. In this paper, using nDNA and cpDNA SSRs, we studied genetic diversity of Castanopsis sclerophylla (Lindl. & Paxton) Schotty populations and decoupled the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation per se.

Isolation by elevation: genetic structure at neutral and putatively non-neutral loci in a dominant tree of subtropical forests, Castanopsis eyrei.

Background: The distribution of genetic diversity among plant populations growing along elevational gradients can be affected by neutral as well as selective processes. Molecular markers used to study these patterns usually target neutral processes only, but may also be affected by selection. In this study, the effects of elevation and successional stage on genetic diversity of a dominant tree species were investigated controlling for neutrality of the microsatellite loci used.

[Analysis of drug resistance and risk factors of Enterobacteriaceae in burn units].

Objective: To study the risk factors of infection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL)-producing strains and drug resistance of Enterobacteriaceae that infected burn patients.

Methods: A retrospective study was performed on clinical information of 92 patients with Enterobacteriaceae infection in our burn unit from January 2001 to December 2008. The distribution and drug resistance of Enterobacteriaceae, and the detection rate, drug resistance of ESBL-producing strains, and its risk factors of nosocomial infection were analyzed.