Methotrexate resistance and its regulatory mechanisms in pediatric tumors and beyond.

Methotrexate (MTX) is a critical antimetabolite drug in treating various pediatric diseases, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), brain tumors, osteosarcoma, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT), juvenile scleroderma (JS), and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). MTX acts as a folate antagonist by inhibiting dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), an enzyme essential for the synthesis of tetrahydrofolate. This disruption impairs DNA synthesis, repair, and cellular replication, particularly affecting rapidly dividing cells.

An axonal brake on striatal dopamine output by cholinergic interneurons.

Depolarization of axons is necessary for somatic action potentials to trigger axonal neurotransmitter release. Here we show that striatal cholinergic interneurons (ChIs) and nicotinic receptors (nAChRs) on mouse dopamine axons interrupt this relationship. After nAChR-mediated depolarization, dopamine release by subsequent depolarization events was suppressed for ~100 ms.

Preparation of boric acid functionalized hyper-crosslinked polymer for efficient extraction of phenylurea herbicides from lake water, green tea drink and tomato samples.

A boric acid functionalized hyper-crosslinked polymer (HCP), designated as NPCBA/TBM-HCP, was successfully synthesized via Friedel-Crafts reaction by copolymerizing N-phenylcarbazole-2-boronic acid (NPCBA) and 2,4,6-Tris(bromomethyl)mesitylene (TBM). The NPCBA/TBM-HCP showed a large surface area and a good adsorption property for phenylurea herbicides (PUHs). A method with NPCBA/TBM-HCP based solid phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatographic detection was developed for the simultaneous analysis of PUHs in lake water, green tea drink and tomato samples.

Exploring a novel model for newborn genetic screening in Ningxia, northern China: A retrospective observational study.

The accuracy and precision of quantitative aspects of conventional newborn screening (NBS) are limited due to the complexity of clinical manifestations and the constraints of conventional screening methods. Gene sequencing is commonly employed as an adjunct diagnostic technique to assist in diagnosis. The combined utilization of traditional NBS and newborn genetic screening can effectively reduce false-negative and false-positive rates, thereby enhancing the accuracy and precision of screening, while minimizing the health impact caused by genetic diseases in infants.

Public interest in chronic kidney disease and dialysis: a 20-year data analysis.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing global health challenge. As the disease progresses, it can lead to end-stage renal disease, necessitating dialysis or kidney transplantation. However, access to these life-saving treatments is often limited by geographic, financial, and resource constraints, underscoring the importance of public awareness and interest.

Causal Associations of Gut Microbiota Species With Lymphoma: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.

This study aims to focus on GM at species level, exploring the causal associations with different kinds of lymphoma to provide some information on potential intervention directions in lymphoma. Data of GM taxa were extracted from the genome-wide association study conducted by the MiBioGen and Dutch Microbiome Project (DMP), and those of lymphomas were obtained from the FinnGen consortium. Inverse variance weighted (IVW) method and Bonferroni multiple correction were utilized to assess the causal associations of GM species with different kinds of lymphoma.

Global and national public awareness and interest in glomerular diseases from 2004 to 2024.

Background: Glomerular diseases significantly impact global health. This study investigated public interest in five common glomerular diseases.

Methods: Google Trends™ were used to analyze search activity from January 2004 to December 2024 for IgA nephropathy (IgAN), membranous glomerulonephritis (MN), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), lupus nephritis (LN), and diabetic nephropathy (DN).

Evaluating AI performance in nephrology triage and subspecialty referrals.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has shown promise in revolutionizing medical triage, particularly in the context of the rising prevalence of kidney-related conditions with the aging global population. This study evaluates the utility of ChatGPT, a large language model, in triaging nephrology cases through simulated real-world scenarios. Two nephrologists created 100 patient cases that encompassed various aspects of nephrology.

Impact of Multiple Kidney Retransplants on Post-Transplant Outcomes in the United States.

Background: Kidney retransplantation offers a valuable treatment option for patients who experience graft failure after their initial transplant. There is an increasing number of patients undergoing multiple retransplants. However, the impact of multiple kidney retransplants on post-transplant outcomes remains unclear.

Enhancing Patient Comprehension of Glomerular Disease Treatments Using ChatGPT.

: It is often challenging for patients to understand treatment options, their mechanisms of action, and the potential side effects of each treatment option for glomerular disorders. This study explored the ability of ChatGPT to simplify these treatment options to enhance patient understanding. : GPT-4 was queried on sixty-seven glomerular disorders using two distinct queries for a general explanation and an explanation adjusted for an 8th grade level or lower.

Clinicopathological Characteristics and Kidney Outcomes in Biopsy-Confirmed Acute Interstitial Nephritis.

Introduction: Acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) is a significant cause of acute kidney injury, with varying etiologies and outcomes. This study aimed to examine the causes, clinical characteristics, management, and kidney outcomes in patients with biopsy-confirmed AIN.

Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on 166 patients diagnosed with AIN through kidney biopsy at Mayo Clinic between 2012 and 2023.

Navigating pancreas transplant perceptions: assessing public sentiment and strategies using AI-driven analysis.

Background: Pancreas transplantation, a crucial treatment for diabetes, is underutilized due to its invasiveness, strict criteria, organ scarcity, and limited centers. This highlights the need for enhanced public education and awareness through digital health platforms.

Methods: We utilized Google's AI-driven, consensus-based model and Claude AI 3.

Long-term survival and prognosis after surgical treatment of patients with thymic carcinoma: a retrospective analysis.

Background: Thymic carcinoma is a type of rare and highly malignant tumor that originates from the thymic epithelium. Treatment and prognosis of thymic carcinoma remain controversial. We retrospectively analyzed survival data from a large sample database in a single center in China to summarize the clinicopathological features of patients with thymic carcinoma and explore the factors affecting prognosis.

Advanced dressings based on novel biological targets for diabetic wound healing: A review.

The diabetic wound is one of the most common complications of diabetes in clinic. The existing diabetic wound dressings all have bottlenecks in decreasing inflammation, stopping peripheral neuropathy, relieving local ischemia and hypoxia in diabetic wounds. These challenges are intricately linked to the roles of various growth factors, as well as matrix metalloproteinases.

Assessing global and regional public interest in home dialysis modalities from 2004 to 2024.

Background And Objectives: Home dialysis (peritoneal dialysis and home hemodialysis) is an important renal replacement therapy modality option for patients with end-stage kidney disease. As the Internet has become a primary source for healthcare information, this study aimed to analyze the global and regional interests in home dialysis using Google Trends™ data from January 2004 to March 2024.

Design Setting Participants And Measurements: A comprehensive analysis was conducted using Google Trends™ with the search terms "Peritoneal Dialysis" and "Home Hemodialysis.

Clinical characteristics of megaloblastic anemia with pancytopenia.

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to explore the clinical characteristics of patients with megaloblastic anemia and pancytopenia.

Methods: Data on patient characteristics, laboratory examinations, clinical manifestations, and associated diseases were collected from Changzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The participants were divided into two groups according to routine blood test results: megaloblastic anemia patients with pancytopenia (Group A) and megaloblastic anemia patients with simple anemia (Group B).

Clinical characteristics analysis of 24 cases of pediatric MOG antibody-associated diseases.

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics of children with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD).

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data, antibody tests, imaging, and factors associated with recurrence in 24 children diagnosed with MOGAD at Wuxi Children's Hospital from December 2017 to December 2023.

Results: Among the 24 included children, the clinical characteristics at the onset of the first episode included fever (12 cases), headache (8), decreased vision (7), drowsiness (6), convulsions (5), ataxia (3), paralysis of both lower limbs (2), urinary and fecal incontinence (2), and central facial palsy (1).