Transcriptome sequencing analysis reveals the molecular mechanism of sepsis-induced muscle atrophy.

Background: Sepsis-induced skeletal muscle atrophy is accompanied by complex physiological and biochemical changes that negatively affect clinical outcomes, lead to prolonged hospitalization, and even increase mortality. However, few studies have been performed on the mechanisms of the disease, and effective treatments are still lacking. This study is aimed to research the molecular mechanisms of sepsis-induced skeletal muscle atrophy and to develop new therapeutic strategies.

The CARE Overdose Response Team in Chicago: A Multidisciplinary Out-of-Hospital Post-Opioid Overdose Intervention.

Objectives: In 2021, the opioid overdose crisis led to 1441 fatalities in Chicago, the highest number ever recorded. Interdisciplinary post-overdose follow-up teams provide care at a critical window to mitigate opioid-related risk and associated fatalities. Our objective was to describe a pilot follow-up program in Chicago including eligible overdose incidents, provision of response team services, and program barriers and successes.

Gut microbiota regulates oxidative stress and inflammation: a double-edged sword in renal fibrosis.

Gut microbiota is a complex and dynamic system that plays critical roles in human health and various disease. Progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD) suggests that patients irreversibly progress to end-stage kidney disease and need renal replacement treatments, including dialysis and transplantation. Ample evidence indicates that local oxidative stress and inflammation play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis and progression of CKD and dysbiosis of gut microbiota.

Poria cocos: traditional uses, triterpenoid components and their renoprotective pharmacology.

Poria cocos and its surface layer of Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf (Polyporaceae), are used in traditional Chinese medicine for its diuretic and renoprotective effects. Phytochemical studies have shown that lanostane and 3,4-seco-lanostane tetracyclic triterpenoids are the main components of P.

Geniposidic Acid Attenuates Chronic Tubulointerstitial Nephropathy Through Regulation of the NF-ƙB/Nrf2 Pathway Via Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Signaling.

Renal fibrosis is an outcome of chronic kidney disease, independent of the underlying etiology. Renal fibrosis is caused primarily by oxidative stress and inflammation. We identified the components of Plantaginis semen and elucidated their anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.

Early identification and diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment of sepsis-related acute lung injury: a narrative review.

Background And Objective: Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction, and the most common and vulnerable organ is the lungs, with sepsis-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) increasing mortality. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have improved our understanding of sepsis-related ARDS in terms of epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, prognosis, and other aspects, as well as our ability to prevent, detect, and treat sepsis-related ARDS. However, sepsis-related lung injury remains an important issue and clinical burden.

Barleriside A, an aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonist, ameliorates podocyte injury through inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation.

Introduction: Increasing evidence shows that hyperactive aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) signalling is involved in renal disease. However, no currently available intervention strategy is effective in halting disease progression by targeting the AHR signalling. Our previous study showed that barleriside A (BSA), a major component of , exhibits renoprotective effects.

The predictive value of CHA2DS2-VASc score on the prognosis of patients with atrial fibrillation based on a prospective cohort study.

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent cardiac arrhythmia encountered in clinical practice, and it is associated with an increased risk of mortality, stroke, and peripheral embolism. The risk of stroke in AF is heterogeneous and dependent on underlying clinical conditions included in current risk stratification schemes. Recently, the CHA2DS2-VASc score has been incorporated into guidelines to encompass common stroke risk factors observed in routine clinical practice.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 cells is inhibited by microRNA-494-3p via targeting lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2.

Background: Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a major component of inflammation and plays a key role in the pathogenesis of sepsis. According to our previous study, the expression of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) is significantly upregulated in septic patients and is positively correlated with the severity of this disease. Herein, we investigated the potential roles of Lp-PLA2-targeting microRNAs (miRNAs) in LPS-induced inflammation in murine mononuclear macrophages (RAW264.

Bile acid metabolism in health and ageing-related diseases.

Bile acids (BAs) have surpassed their traditional roles as lipid solubilizers and regulators of BA homeostasis to emerge as important signalling molecules. Recent research has revealed a connection between microbial dysbiosis and metabolism disruption of BAs, which in turn impacts ageing-related diseases. The human BAs pool is primarily composed of primary BAs and their conjugates, with a smaller proportion consisting of secondary BAs.

Biases and limitations in observational studies of Long COVID prevalence and risk factors: A rapid systematic umbrella review.

Background: Observational studies form the foundation of Long COVID knowledge, however combining data from Long COVID observational studies has multiple methodological challenges. This umbrella review synthesizes estimates of Long COVID prevalence and risk factors as well as biases and limitations in the primary and review literatures.

Methods And Findings: A systematic literature search was conducted using multiple electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, LitCOVID) from Jan 1, 2019 until June 9, 2023.

The nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway is a master regulator of renal fibrosis.

Renal fibrosis is increasingly recognized as a global public health problem. Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) both result in renal fibrosis. Oxidative stress and inflammation play central roles in progressive renal fibrosis.

Progress of SARS-CoV-2 Main protease peptide-like inhibitors.

The pneumonia outbreak caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection poses a serious threat to people worldwide. Although vaccines have been developed, antiviral drugs are still needed to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection due to the high mutability of the virus. SARS-CoV-2 main protein (M ) is a special cysteine protease that is a key enzyme for SARS-CoV-2 replication.

Discovery a series of novel inhibitors of human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase: Biological activity evaluation and molecular docking.

Human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (hDHODH) is a key enzyme that catalyzes the de novo synthesis of pyrimidine. In recent years, various studies have shown that inhibiting this enzyme can treat autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and cancer. This study designed and synthesized a series of novel thiazolidone hDHODH inhibitors.

Sirtuin 6 protects against podocyte injury by blocking the renin-angiotensin system by inhibiting the Wnt1/β-catenin pathway.

Sirtuins (Sirts) are a family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent protein deacetylases that share diverse cellular functions. Increasing evidence shows that Sirts play a critical role in podocyte injury, which is a major determinant of proteinuria-associated renal disease. Membranous nephropathy (MN) is a typical glomerular disease in which podocyte damage mediates proteinuria development.

Lactobacillus species ameliorate membranous nephropathy through inhibiting the aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway via tryptophan-produced indole metabolites.

Background And Purpose: Membranous nephropathy (MN) is an immune-mediated glomerular disease in adults. Antibody- and antigen-bonding mechanisms have been largely clarified, but the subepithelium immune complex deposition-mediated downstream molecular mechanisms are currently unresolved. Increasing evidence has suggested that gut microbiota contribute to MN pathogenesis.

Trustworthiness, Not Trust: How Systemic Racism Impacts COVID-19 Vaccine Receipt.

To illuminate the forces of structural racism influencing COVID-19 vaccine receipt, we developed a conceptual model that recontextualizes trust and presents potential pathways to address structural racism. Our model emerged from Chicagoland CEAL, a partnership of community and academic experts collaborating to encourage COVID-19 vaccine uptake for communities of color. We concluded that systemic factors influenced by racism contribute to an overall lack of trustworthiness in vaccine-affiliated institutions.

Oxidative stress and inflammation are mediated via aryl hydrocarbon receptor signalling in idiopathic membranous nephropathy.

Membranous nephropathy (MN) patients are diagnosed by the presence of phospholipase A receptor (PLA2R) before they progress to renal failure. However, the subepithelium-like immunocomplex deposit-mediated downstream molecular pathways are poorly understood. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), NF-ƙB and Nrf2 pathways play central roles in the pathogenesis and progression of chronic kidney disease.

TGF-β as A Master Regulator of Aging-Associated Tissue Fibrosis.

Fibrosis is the abnormal accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins such as collagen and fibronectin. Aging, injury, infections, and inflammation can cause different types of tissue fibrosis. Numerous clinical investigations have shown a correlation between the degree of liver and pulmonary fibrosis in patients and telomere length and mitochondrial DNA content, both of which are signs of aging.

Prevalence and Characteristics of Long COVID 7-12 Months After Hospitalization Among Patients From an Urban Safety-Net Hospital: A Pilot Study.

Introduction: Little is known about the burden of long COVID among Black and Hispanic patients in the U.S. We surveyed adult patients hospitalized for COVID-19 at John H.

Moshen granule ameliorates membranous nephropathy by blocking intrarenal renin-angiotensin system signalling via the Wnt1/β-catenin pathway.

Background: Membranous nephropathy (MN) is one of the cardinal causes of nephrotic syndrome in adults, but an adequate treatment regimen is lacking.

Purpose: We assessed the effect of Moshen granule (MSG) on patients with MN and cationic bovine serum albumin (CBSA)-induced rats. We further identified the bioactive components of MSG and revealed the underlying molecular mechanism of its renoprotective effects.

Deciphering the role of lipoproteins and lipid metabolic alterations in ageing and ageing-associated renal fibrosis.

Fibrosis is the ultimate pathological feature of many chronic diseases, and ageing a major risk factor for fibrotic diseases. Current therapies are limited to those that reduce the rate of functional decline in patients with mild to moderate disease, but few interventions are available to specifically target the pathogenesis of fibrosis. In this context, new treatments that can significantly improve survival time and quality of life for these patients are urgently needed.