Chemokine expression profile of an innate granuloma.

Granulomas are defined by the presence of organized layers of immune cells that include macrophages. Granulomas are often characterized as a way for the immune system to contain an infection and prevent its dissemination. We recently established a mouse infection model where induces the innate immune system to form granulomas in the liver.

Design and application of inclined tensioned steel cantilevered scaffolding.

In order to reduce the cost of scaffolding usage in engineering projects as much as possible under the premise of safety and rationality, while avoiding the risk of leakage caused by holes left in the building structure by the scaffolding, a type of inclined tensioned steel cantilevered scaffolding is proposed based on the stress characteristics of traditional cantilevered scaffolding. Considering the actual construction characteristics, a comprehensive approach involving theoretical analysis, on-site field tests, and finite element methods is adopted to clarify the full-process design method of the inclined tensioned steel cantilevered scaffolding. Additionally, recommendations are provided for the practical engineering design and application of the inclined tensioned steel cantilevered scaffolding.

The story behind the emergence of different forms of cell death.

Various types of cell death program are needed for cells to respond to changes in physiological conditions. In this collection of Voices, we asked scientists to tell the story behind their contributions to the identification and mechanistic dissection of cell death pathways and to discuss future directions for such research.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Mediates Host Necroptosis through Rhl-Pqs Quorum Sensing Interaction.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause serious infections in immunocompromised patients. Quorum sensing (QS), a communication system evolved by P.

NLRP3, NLRP6, and NLRP12 are inflammasomes with distinct expression patterns.

Inflammasomes are sensors that detect cytosolic microbial molecules or cellular damage, and in response they initiate a form of lytic regulated cell death called pyroptosis. Inflammasomes signal via homotypic protein-protein interactions where CARD or PYD domains are crucial for recruiting downstream partners. Here, we screened these domains from NLR family proteins, and found that the PYD domain of NLRP6 and NLRP12 could activate caspase-1 to induce cleavage of IL-1β and GSDMD.

Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors With and Without Up-Front Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Brain Metastases From and Oncogene-Driven Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (TURBO-NSCLC).

Purpose: Newer-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with epidermal growth factor receptor () mutations and anaplastic lymphoma kinase () rearrangements have demonstrated high CNS activity. The optimal use of up-front stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for brain metastases (BM) in patients eligible for CNS-penetrant TKIs is controversial, and data to guide patient management are limited.

Materials And Methods: Data on TKI-naïve patients with EGFR- and ALK-driven NSCLC with BM treated with CNS-penetrant TKIs with and without up-front SRS were retrospectively collected from seven academic centers in the United States.

Unanticipated Loss of Inflammasomes in Birds.

Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes that form in response to ligands originating from pathogens as well as alterations of normal cell physiology caused by infection or tissue damage. These structures engage a robust inflammatory immune response that eradicates environmental microbes before they cause disease, and slow the growth of bona fide pathogens. Despite their undeniable utility in immunity, inflammasomes are radically reduced in birds.

Construction of sustainable and highly efficient fire-protective nanocoatings based on polydopamine and phosphorylated cellulose for flexible polyurethane foam.

Layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly is an effective strategy for constructing fire-resistant coatings on flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF), while the efficiency of fire-resistant coatings remains limited. Therefore, this study proposes an in situ flame retardancy modification combined with LBL self-assembly technology to enhance the efficiency of flame retardant coatings for FPUF. Initially, polydopamine (PDA) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) were employed to modify the FPUF skeleton, thereby augmenting the adhesion on the surface of the skeleton network.

Mediating effect of depressive symptoms on the relationship of chronic pain and cardiovascular diseases among Chinese population: Evidence from the CHARLS.

Objective: Few studies have examined the direct or indirect effect of chronic pain on cardiovascular diseases (CVD) within Chinese population. The objective aimed to investigate the mediating role of depressive symptoms between chronic pain and CVD.

Methods: 6522 participants from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were included in this retrospective cohort study.

Caspase-1 activates gasdermin A in non-mammals.

Gasdermins oligomerize to form pores in the cell membrane, causing regulated lytic cell death called pyroptosis. Mammals encode five gasdermins that can trigger pyroptosis: GSDMA, B, C, D, and E. Caspase and granzyme proteases cleave the linker regions of and activate GSDMB, C, D, and E, but no endogenous activation pathways are yet known for GSDMA.

Chemokine expression profile of an innate granuloma.

Granulomas are defined by the presence of organized layers of immune cells that include macrophages. Granulomas are often characterized as a way for the immune system to contain an infection and prevent its dissemination. We recently established a mouse infection model where induces the innate immune system to form granulomas in the liver.

Validation of the Intermolecular Disulfide Bond in Caspase-2.

Caspases are a family of proteins involved in cell death. Although several caspase members have been well characterized, caspase-2 remains enigmatic. Caspase-2 has been implicated in several phenotypes, but there has been no consensus in the field about its upstream activating signals or its downstream protein targets.

Intracranial Outcomes of De Novo Brain Metastases Treated With Osimertinib Alone in Patients With Newly Diagnosed EGFR-Mutant NSCLC.

Introduction: Patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC have a high incidence of brain metastases. The EGFR-directed tyrosine kinase inhibitor osimertinib has intracranial activity, making the role of local central nervous system (CNS)-directed therapies, such as radiation and surgery, less clear.

Methods: Patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC and brain metastases who received osimertinib as initial therapy after brain metastasis diagnosis were included.

Neutrophils only die twice.

After apoptotic cell death begins neutrophils initiate NETosis, a second cell death program.

Overexpression of T3SS translocation signals in causes delayed attenuation.

Engineering pathogens is a useful method for discovering new details of microbial pathogenesis and host defense. However, engineering can result in off-target effects. We previously engineered serovar Typhimurium to overexpress the secretion signal of the type 3 secretion system effector SspH1 fused with domains of other proteins as cargo.

Similar Efficacy Observed for First-Line Immunotherapy in Racial/Ethnic Minority Patients With Metastatic NSCLC.

Background: Limited data exist on the impact of immunotherapy use in ethnic minority patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), because they have been underrepresented in immunotherapy trials. This study aims to evaluate race/ethnicity and other demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical factors of patients with metastatic NSCLC treated with first-line immunotherapy.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of 5,920 patients diagnosed with lung cancer treated at Montefiore Einstein Cancer Center from January 1, 2013, to June 1, 2022, was used to identify patients with metastatic NSCLC without EGFR, ALK, or ROS1 alterations who underwent first-line immunotherapy (n=248).

Apoptotic signaling clears engineered in an organ-specific manner.

Pyroptosis and apoptosis are two forms of regulated cell death that can defend against intracellular infection. When a cell fails to complete pyroptosis, backup pathways will initiate apoptosis. Here, we investigated the utility of apoptosis compared to pyroptosis in defense against an intracellular bacterial infection.

Caspase-1 activates gasdermin A in non-mammals.

Gasdermins oligomerize to form pores in the cell membrane, causing regulated lytic cell death called pyroptosis. Mammals encode five gasdermins that can trigger pyroptosis: GSDMA, B, C, D, and E. Caspase and granzyme proteases cleave the linker regions of and activate GSDMB, C, D, and E, but no endogenous activation pathways are yet known for GSDMA.

Lung Cancer in Never Smokers: Delving into Epidemiology, Genomic and Immune Landscape, Prognosis, Treatment, and Screening.

Lung cancer in never smokers (LCINS) represents a growing and distinct entity within the broader landscape of lung malignancies. This review provides a comprehensive overview of LCINS, encompassing its epidemiologic trends, risk factors, distinct genomic alterations, clinical outcomes and the ongoing initiative aimed at formulating screening guidelines tailored to this unique population. As LCINS continues to gain prominence, understanding its intricate genomic landscape has become pivotal for tailoring effective therapeutic strategies.

An innate granuloma eradicates an environmental pathogen using Gsdmd and Nos2.

Granulomas often form around pathogens that cause chronic infections. Here, we discover an innate granuloma model in mice with an environmental bacterium called Chromobacterium violaceum. Granuloma formation not only successfully walls off, but also clears, the infection.

Navigating and diagnosing cognitive frailty in research and clinical domains.

While physical frailty has been recognized as a clinical entity for some time, the concept of cognitive frailty (CF) is now gaining increasing attention in the geriatrics research community. CF refers to the co-occurrence of physical frailty and cognitive impairment in older adults, which has been suggested as a potential precursor to both dementia and adverse physical outcomes. However, this condition represents a challenge for researchers and clinicians, as there remains a lack of consensus regarding the definition and diagnostic criteria for CF, which has limited its utility.