Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Promote Pancreatic Cancer Progression via the STING Pathway.

Pancreatic cancer is very susceptible to metastasis with a high mortality. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been reported to be associated with poor prognosis in patients suffering from pancreatic cancer. However, the underlying mechanisms by which NETs facilitate cancer progression remain poorly understood.

Efficacy and safety of topical lignocaine anesthesia in improving patient satisfaction after endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration under general anesthesia: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is an effective technique used by thoracic surgeons and pulmonologists. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of topical lignocaine anesthesia during bronchoscopy to improve the satisfaction of patients undergoing elective EBUS-TBNA under general anesthesia.

Methods: This was a single-center prospective randomized, double-blind clinical trial in University-affiliated teaching hospitals.

Dysregulation of neutrophil in sepsis: recent insights and advances.

Sepsis remains the leading cause of death in intensive care units. Despite newer antimicrobial and supportive therapies, specific treatments are still lacking. Neutrophils are pivotal components of the effector phase of the host immune defense against pathogens and play a crucial role in the control of infections under normal circumstances.

Clinical biomarkers of perioperative neurocognitive disorder: initiation and recommendation.

Perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) is a significant neurological complication in aging perioperative patients that impacts post-operative cognition. PND is currently diagnosed through cognitive function testing, which is limited by its subjectivity and time requirements. Thus, the identification of biomarkers to assess PND onset is a priority to identify at-risk individuals and enable interventions and treatments to patient outcomes.

Climate variability, population growth, and globalization impacting food security in Pakistan.

Global hunger has increased recently, returning to levels observed a decade ago. Climate change is identified as a key factor contributing to these increases and is a significant cause of severe food crises. When combined with population growth and globalization, future climate variability is expected to significantly affect global food security.

Single-Cell Landscape of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Identifies Specific Neutrophils during Septic Immunosuppression.

Sepsis-induced immunosuppression is related to increased susceptibility to secondary infections and death. Lung is the most vulnerable target organ in sepsis, but the understanding of the pulmonary immunosuppression state is still limited. Here, single-cell RNA sequencing of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) is performed to map the landscape of immune cells, revealing a neutrophil-driven immunosuppressive program in the lungs of patients with immunosuppressive sepsis.

The Role of Dectin-1-Akt-RNF146 Pathway in β-Glucan Induced Immune Trained State of Monocyte in Sepsis.

Background: Sepsis is regarded as a dysregulated immune response to infections. Recent study showed partially reversal of immunosuppression by trained immunity, which fosters an enhanced immune response towards a secondary challenge. However, the role of trained immunity in sepsis has not been fully understood.

Fasting-mimicking diet-enriched suppresses colorectal cancer by inducing memory CD8 T cells.

Background: Fasting-mimicking diet (FMD) boosts the antitumour immune response in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). The gut microbiota is a key host immunity regulator, affecting physiological homeostasis and disease pathogenesis.

Objective: We aimed to investigate how FMD protects against CRC via gut microbiota modulation.

Immune-cell signatures of persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism syndrome after sepsis.

Background: Management of persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism syndrome (PICS) after sepsis remains challenging for patients in the intensive care unit, experiencing poor quality of life and death. However, immune-cell signatures in patients with PICS after sepsis remain unclear.

Methods: We determined immune-cell signatures of PICS after sepsis at single-cell resolution.

Tumor metastasis and recurrence: The role of perioperative NETosis.

Although surgical resection of tumor mass remains the mainstay of curative therapeutic management for solid tumors, accumulating studies suggest that these procedures promote tumor recurrence and metastasis. Regarded as the first immune cells to fight against infectious or inflammatory insults from surgery, neutrophils along with their ability of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) production has attracted much attention. A growing body of evidence suggests that NETs promote cancer metastasis by stimulating various stages, including local invasion, colonization, and growth.

Acetylcysteine synergizes PD-1 blockers against colorectal cancer progression by promoting TCF1PD1CD8 T cell differentiation.

Background: Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade is essential in treating progressive colorectal cancer (CRC). However, some patients with CRC do not respond well to immunotherapy, possibly due to the exhaustion of CD8 T cells in the tumor microenvironment. N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) can reduce CD8 T cell exhaustion in vitro and induce their differentiation into long-lasting phenotypes, thus enhancing the anti-tumor effect of adoptive T cell transfer.

N-acetyltransferase 10 mediates cognitive dysfunction through the acetylation of GABAR1 mRNA in sepsis-associated encephalopathy.

Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a critical neurological complication of sepsis and represents a crucial factor contributing to high mortality and adverse prognosis in septic patients. This study explored the contribution of NAT10-mediated messenger RNA (mRNA) acetylation in cognitive dysfunction associated with SAE, utilizing a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced SAE mouse model. Our findings demonstrate that CLP significantly upregulates NAT10 expression and mRNA acetylation in the excitatory neurons of the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG).

Effects of epidural anesthesia and analgesia on the incidence of chronic pain after thoracoscopic lung surgery: A retrospective cohort study.

Objective: Chronic postoperative pain (CPSP) is common after thoracic surgery, even after the less invasive video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). This study investigated the effect of thoracic epidural anesthesia (TEA) on the development of CPSP.

Materials: We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients who underwent VATS at our center between 2020 and 2022.

Effect of music on hemodynamic fluctuations in women during induction of general anesthesia: A prospective randomized controlled multicenter trial.

Background: The authors aim to investigate the effect of music on hemodynamic fluctuations during induction of general anesthesia and reducing preoperative anxiety for women who underwent elective non-cardiac surgery.

Methods: It is a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, parallel-group clinical trial. Patients were randomized 1:1 to either a Music Intervention group (MI) or a Control group (Control).

Suppression of Skp2 contributes to sepsis-induced acute lung injury by enhancing ferroptosis through the ubiquitination of SLC3A2.

Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. The inflammatory cytokine storm causes systemic organ damage, especially acute lung injury in sepsis. In this study, we found that the expression of S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2) was significantly decreased in sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI).

ZIPK collaborates with STAT5A in p53-mediated ROS accumulation in hyperglycemia-induced vascular injury.

In this study we investigate the role of Zipper-interacting protein kinase (ZIPK) in high glucose-induced vascular injury, focusing on its interaction with STAT5A and its effects on p53 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) expression. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) are cultured under normal (5 mM) and high (25 mM) glucose conditions. Protein and gene expression levels are assessed by western blot analysis and qPCR respectively, while ROS levels are measured via flow cytometry.

Perioperative NETosis and Cancer Progression: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives.

Purpose Of Review: The process of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation, called NETosis, is a peculiar death modality of neutrophils, which was first observed as an immune response against bacterial infection. However, an ongoing and exaggerated NETs formation may have adverse clinical consequences and even promote cancer progression. This review will discuss the complex relationship between NETosis and cancer progression.

Treg and neutrophil extracellular trap interaction contributes to the development of immunosuppression in sepsis.

The excessive formation and release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in sepsis may represent a substantial mechanism contributing to multiorgan damage, which is associated with a poor prognosis. However, the precise role of NETs in mediating the transition from innate immunity to adaptive immunity during the progression of inflammation and sepsis remains incompletely elucidated. In this study, we provide evidence that, despite a reduction in the number of CD4+ T cells in the late stage of sepsis, there is a notable upregulation in the proportion of Tregs.

Histone lactylation-regulated METTL3 promotes ferroptosis via m6A-modification on ACSL4 in sepsis-associated lung injury.

Elevated lactate levels are a significant biomarker of sepsis and are positively associated with sepsis-related mortality. Sepsis-associated lung injury (ALI) is a leading cause of poor prognosis in clinical patients. However, the underlying mechanisms of lactate's involvement in sepsis-associated ALI remain unclear.

Predicting Chronic Pain and Treatment Outcomes Using Machine Learning Models Based on High-dimensional Clinical Data From a Large Retrospective Cohort.

Purpose: To identify factors and indicators that affect chronic pain and pain relief, and to develop predictive models using machine learning.

Methods: We analyzed the data of 67,028 outpatient cases and 11,310 valid samples with pain from a large retrospective cohort. We used decision tree, random forest, AdaBoost, neural network, and logistic regression to discover significant indicators and to predict pain and treatment relief.